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Biodiversity in S ustainable U rban D rainage S ystems – G ood or Bad ?

Explore the impact of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) on biodiversity and water management, using examples from various studies. Discover how highway ponds can promote biodiversity and the potential risks associated with pollutants.

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Biodiversity in S ustainable U rban D rainage S ystems – G ood or Bad ?

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  1. IENE 2016 – Lyon - France Biodiversity in SustainableUrban DrainageSystems – Goodor Bad? www.vegvesen.no/norwat Sondre Meland Environmental Assessment Section, Norwegian Public Roads Administration Dep. of Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences NMBU sondre.meland@vegvesen.no

  2. Water management, mitigating water volumes and preventing pollution of water bodies Some examples using Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems, (SUDS = blue-green solutions)… Source: Meland S. 2016. Management of Contaminated Runoff Water and Future Research Needs. CEDR-report www.vegvesen.no/norwat Photo COWI

  3. Photo: Turid Hertel-Aas www.vegvesen.no/norwat

  4. Source: German NRA …examples of more technical treatment systems www.vegvesen.no/norwat

  5. Source: Austria NRA www.vegvesen.no/norwat

  6. Back to the blue-green solution www.vegvesen.no/norwat Foto: COWI

  7. ? «Ecosystem services» «The benefits human beingsmayobtain from thesemi-natural (managed) environmentcan be reffered to as ecosystem services» Source: Scholz M et. al. Water 2013; 5: 1741-1759. www.vegvesen.no/norwat Foto: COWI

  8. May highway ponds promote biodiversity?French study • Highway ponds vs. natural ponds: • Differed in abiotic factors • diversity and species richness were comparable • highway ponds had higher abundance of small and/or short lived macroinvertebrates • 7 amphibian species detected in highway ponds, slightly lower than natural ponds Conclusion: «Highway ponds may contribute positively to the biodiversity in a specific landscape area even at a regional scale» www.vegvesen.no/norwat

  9. May highway ponds promote biodiversity?Norwegian study: abundant species • 112 taxa, two species present in all ponds: • Back swimmer, Notonectareuteri • Mayfly, • Caenishoraria Caenis sp. Notonectareuteri Photo: http://img.photobucket.com/ One year field survey of 12 highway ponds (E6/E18) in 2012 Photo: Mogens Holmen, http://www.fugleognatur.dk/ Source: Thygesen H. 2013. Biodiversityin wetsedimentation ponds constructed for roadrunoff. Master thesis, Norwegian Universityof Life Sciences www.vegvesen.no/norwat

  10. Norwegian study:; Norwegian Red List • Red List species: • 6 water beetle species • Brychiuselevatus (larvae) NT • Hygrotusconfluens(adult) NT • Ilybiusguttiger(adult) NT • Ilybiusquadriguttatus(adult) NT • Triturus vulgaris P (adult) NT • Plateumarisbraccata(adult) VU Newt Photo: Jan Rabben (www.naturarv.no) Ilybiusguttiger • Red List species: • Amphibians (newts / frogs) • Triturus sp. (larvae / adult), NT/VU • Rana sp. (larvae) The IUCN defines threatened as a general term covering the categories critically endangered (CR), endangered (EN) and vulnerable (VU). Source: Thygesen H. 2013. Biodiversity in wetsedimentation ponds constructed for roadrunoff. Master thesis, Norwegian Universityof Life Sciences www.vegvesen.no/norwat

  11. Norwegian study: Norwegian Red List • Red List species: • Flowering rush / grass rush, • ButomusumbellatusCT • Hop sedge, • CarexpseudocyperusNT Photo: www.wikipwedia.org Source: Brittain, JE et al. Universityof Oslo (unpublished). www.vegvesen.no/norwat

  12. Norwegian study: Norwegian Black List / invasive species Black List species Pondweed, Elodea canadensisSE Common minnow, PhoxinusphoxinusSE Photo: Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre Based on the highest subcategories, the species are then assigned to one of five impact categories: severe (SE), high (HI), potentially high (PH), low (LO) or no known impact (NK). The two categories which indicate the greatest impact – severe (SE) and high (HI) impact – are what form the 2012 Black List Ecosystem disservices! Source: Brittain, JE et al. Universityof Oslo (unpublished). www.vegvesen.no/norwat

  13. Conflicting interest may occur between the SUDS’ primary functions and its role as a facilitator of biodiversity Habitat Red List species Pollutants Road salt 1) Will high levels of contaminants be harmful for the organisms? 2) May the highway ponds act as an ecological trap? 3) May the organisms themselves be a source of diffuse spreading of pollutants in food webs and even from the aquatic compartment to the terrestric compartment? www.vegvesen.no/norwat

  14. Accumulation of trace metals in macroinvertebrates; Danish highway ponds vs. natural ponds/lakes Conclusion: The metal concentrations were generally highest in invertebrates living in highway ponds Source: Stephansen DA, Haaning Nielsen A, Hvitved-Jacobsen T, Vollertsen J. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fauna from wet detention ponds for stormwater runoff. In: Rauch S, Morrison G, editors. Urban Environment. Springer Netherlands, 2012, pp 329-338. www.vegvesen.no/norwat

  15. Accumulation of trace metals in macroinvertebrates; Norwegian highway ponds vs. natural ponds Conclusion: The metal concentrations were generally highest in invertebrates (dragon-/damselflies and mayflies) living in highway ponds. The concentrations varies between various taxa Source: Meland S, Damsgård MB, Skipperud L, Heier LS. Accumulation of Metals and Metalloids in Larvae of Insects and Frog Living in Wet Sedimentation Ponds Receiving Runoff from a Four Lane Motorway. In: Rauch S, Morrison G, Norra S, Schleicher N, editors. Urban Environment. Springer Netherlands, 2013, pp. 495-505 Increasing metal conc. www.vegvesen.no/norwat

  16. Temporal accumulation of trace metals in embryos and larvae of common European frog (Rana temporaria); Two Norwegian highway ponds (one receiving tunnel wash water) Biomarkers Metal conc. 30 metals Physiologicalimpacts Source: Johansen SL. Element accumulation and levelsoffour biomarkers in commonfrog (Rana temporaria) tadpoles in twosedimentation ponds and naturallyoccurring pond. Universitetet for miljø- og biovitenskap, Institutt for naturforvaltning, Ås, 2013, pp. 80. www.vegvesen.no/norwat

  17. Temporal accumulation of trace metals in embryos and larvae of common European frog (Rana temporaria); Two Norwegian highway ponds (one receiving tunnel wash water) >400 “fullydeveloped” tadpolesdied during washingof a tunnel Ecological trap  threatening habitat Source: Johansen SL. Element accumulation and levelsoffour biomarkers in commonfrog (Rana temporaria) tadpoles in twosedimentation ponds and naturallyoccurring pond. Universitetet for miljø- og biovitenskap, Institutt for naturforvaltning, Ås, 2013, pp. 80. www.vegvesen.no/norwat

  18. Impactsofroad salt on rough-skinnewts (Tarichagranulosa) Relevant salt concentrations! Fig. 2 Photographic examples of developmental deformities in each score class (medium = 1500 mg Cl/L, high = 2000 mg Cl/L). Kilde: Gareth et al (2013). Increased frequency and severity of developmental deformities in rough-skinned newt ( Tarichagranulosa ) embryos exposed to road deicing salts (NaCl & MgCl2) Source: Hopkins GR, French SS, BrodieJr ED. Increasedfrequency and severityofdevelopmentaldeformities in rough-skinnednewt (Tarichagranulosa) embryos exposed to roaddeicing salts (NaCl & MgCl2). EnvironmentalPollution 2013; 173: 264-269. www.vegvesen.no/norwat

  19. PAH related effects on fish (commonminnow, Phoxinus phoxinus) in sedimentation ponds for road runoff and potential transfer of PAHs from sediment to biota PAH metabolites in bile from the gall bladder (PAH-detox) PAH-OH-pyrene (ng/g) Highway pond Urban lake/stream Pristine lake The observed physiological impacts may be linked to high levels of traffic-related pollutants, e.g. PAH PAH-detox CYP1A liver DNA damage Skullerud Sagdammen Skullerud Sagdammen Source: Grung M. et al. (2016). PAH related effects on fish in sedimentation ponds for road runoff and potential transfer of PAHs from sediment to biota www.vegvesen.no/norwat

  20. Biodiversity in SUDS – good or bad? Habitat Biodiversity Ecosystem services Uptake and effects of pollutants Ecological trap Ecosystem disservices Treatment Flow mitigation www.vegvesen.no/norwat

  21. Road ahead??? Quality Pollution control Tunnel wash Quantity Flow mitigation Quality Pollution control Pollution gradient SUDS/Blue-green solutions, closed pre-sedimentation Technical / closed basin SUDS/Blue-green solutions Avoid ecological trap Promotion of biodiversity www.vegvesen.no/norwat

  22. Thanks to colleagues at Norwegian Institute for Water research Natural History Museum, University of Oslo Thank you for listening! www.vegvesen.no/norwat sondre.meland@vegvesen.no Dragonfly (Anisoptera) (photo: Karsten Sund, UiO) www.vegvesen.no/norwat

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