1 / 12

Physiological Characteristics

Metabolism = sum of all chemical reactions in a cell Catabolism = breakdown Output of energy Anabolism = synthesis Input of energy. Enzymes = proteins that catalyze reactions Coenzymes = enzymes that assist NAD (niacin) FAD (folic acid) Coenzyme A Exoenzyme s = excreted enzymes

corin
Download Presentation

Physiological Characteristics

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Metabolism = sum of all chemical reactions in a cell Catabolism = breakdown Output of energy Anabolism = synthesis Input of energy Enzymes = proteins that catalyze reactions Coenzymes = enzymes that assist NAD (niacin) FAD (folic acid) Coenzyme A Exoenzymes = excreted enzymes DNAse, protease, amylase Physiological Characteristics

  2. Cellular Respiration • Energy within glucose = slowly released & ATP is formed • Involves oxidation-reduction enzymes (NAD+ and FAD) • Oxidation = loss of electrons and hydrogen ions • Reduction = gain of electrons and hydrogen ions

  3. = 686 kcal Substrate-level phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation 36 ATP = 263 kcal Cellular Respiration = 39% Efficient

  4. Anaerobic pathway Does not require O2 Glycolysis followed by reduction of pyruvate to: alcohol & CO2 Or lactate Fermentation = 2.1 % Efficient

  5. Fermentation: Glucose---> acid + gas Phenol red = pH indicator Red: pH >7 Yellow: pH < 7 (acidic) Durham tube = gas bubble E.coli = ferments glucose Glucose Fermentation

  6. Glucose fermentation --->organic acids + gas Lactic, acetic, succinic, formic acids CO2 & H2 MR-VP = glucose + peptone + phosphate Methyl red = pH indicator Red: pH < 4.4 (acidic) Yellow: pH > 6 Gram-negative intestinal bacteria Escherichia, Proteus, Aeromonas, Salmonella Mixed-Acid Fermentation(Methyl-Red Test)

  7. Tests for indophenol oxidase Oxidizes redox dye: yellow  purple Found in bacteria that carry out respiration & use oxygen as the terminal e- acceptor Oxidase + (Pseudomonas) Oxidase - (Enterobacteria & E. coli) METHOD Touch STERILE swab to colony Break ampule of oxidase reagent Squeeze reagent onto swab Wait 10-30 seconds Oxidase Test

  8. catalase 2 H202 -------------->2 H20 + 02 Aerobes = catalase + Staphylococci Anaerobes & aerotolerant = catalase - Streptococci Enterococci METHOD Add H202 to slide Add bacteria to slide using sterile swab Catalase degrades H202 to release 02 (bubbles) Catalase

  9. Litmus milk = 10% skim milk + pH indicator Alkaline Reaction = blue or purple (Proteolytic bacteria) Acid Reaction = pink (fermentative bacteria) Coagulation = curdles Peptonization = translucent or brown Ropiness = slimy residue Litmus Milk Reactions

  10. Table 4.6a

  11. Table 4.6b

More Related