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Beyond the MIF. History of Drought Findings from MIF study Surprises Priority Goals Priority Investigations. 40. H. S. AZEN AND AWYER. Environmental Engineers & Scientists. Maximum. 30. Daily. Demand. Maximum Daily Demand. Low Daily. (mgd). 20. Mean Flow.
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Beyond the MIF • History of Drought • Findings from MIF study • Surprises • Priority Goals • Priority Investigations
40 H S AZEN AND AWYER Environmental Engineers & Scientists Maximum 30 Daily Demand Maximum Daily Demand Low Daily (mgd) 20 Mean Flow of Record 10 0 2000 2025 2050 2075 Year Genesis of North Fork MIF
It’s a low flow issue Designate Watch, Warning Emergency Flow Triggers and response plans
An issue of balance Supply Demand Agricultural Electrical Power Industrial/Municipal Commercial Recreational Biological Hydrologic Cycle Groundwater Recharge Discharges (returns) Ecosystem target must be clearly stated
50 45 40 35 30 Mean Age 0 CPUE (no./hr) 25 20 2 R = 0.8220 15 10 5 0 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 Mean June Discharge (cfs) Population Response to Flow Scott Smith et al.
Habitat Response to Flow July 1999
Nutrient Enrichment Effect on Dissolved Oxygen and pH Daily Flux Discharge was 0.7 cfs
25000 Mottled Sculpin Longnose Dace 20000 Riffle Guild WUA (sq. ft/1000 ft) 15000 10000 5000 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Discharge (cfs) Habitat Response to Flow
Intriguing Findings Nutrient effects Groundwater effects Chronic stressor effects
Nitrate Trend over Time North Fork, Strasburg
Priority Goals • Conserve a safe, clean, reliable water supply • Maintain water resources for healthy environment and strong economy • Restore healthy aquatic ecosystems • Support reasonable and diverse water-based recreation • Maintain flexibility for adaptation to climate change
Priority Investigations • Surface and subsurface flow pathways from land to river • Fate and transport of anthropogenic compounds
Nutrient enrichment + + Primary producers Hg POP Arsenic Heterotrophic production (bacteria) EDC - - + - - Invertebrate consumers + - + Fish numbers + + - Fish Health parasites - time - - Minimum Oxygen chronic Spleen, Kidney, Liver, Skin, gills Organ dysfunction, disease Maximum pH - - + Unionized ammonia Death Fate and Transport
Waste Source Tracking and Flow Paths Example application Broilers / Broiler Breeders / Turkeys / Turkey Breeders
Priority Investigations 3. Health metrics for ecosystems, fish, wildlife, and humans 4. Alternative restoration approaches to restore impaired waters and re-establish riparian forests