Need a blank sheet of paper 2. Label it “Geography of Europe” 3. Write down the EQ #1

1. Need a blank sheet of paper • 2. Label it “Geography of Europe” • 3. Write down the EQ #1

2. Satellite View of Europe

3. Continents by Size (sq. km.)

4. I. Topography

5. Europe: A Continent of Peninsulas? OR A Peninsula of Asia?

6. Europe:An Asian Peninsula?

7. Southern Peninsulas CrimeanPeninsula Iberian Peninsula Italian Peninsula Balkan Peninsula

8. II. Bodies of Water ArcticOcean AtlanticOcean North Sea Baltic Sea English Channel CaspianSea Bay ofBiscay BlackSea DardanellesStrait Adriatic Sea AegeanSea TyrrhenianSea Strait ofGibraltar Mediterranean Sea

9. The Mediterranean Sea: Mare Nostrum Strait of Gibraltar

10. Rivers Volga R. Don R. Thames R. Elbe R. Vistula R. Oder R. Rhine R. Dnieper R. Seine R. Loire R. Danube R. Po R. Tagus R. Tiber R. Ebro R.

11. The Danube River 1770 miles

12. The Danube River Where Buda & Pest Meet Biking Along the Danube • Flows through the 12 countries of Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Romania, and the Ukraine.

13. Rhine River • Busiest river in Europe.

14. Why are most of the capitals of Europe on major rivers??

15. Capitals on the Rivers (1) Paris, right bank of the Seine London on the Thames Prague on the Vltava Budapest on the Danube

16. Capitals on the Rivers (2) Moscow on the Moscow River Berlin on the Spree Rome on the Tiber Vienna on the Danube

17. What’stheanswer??

18. Answer: They are Europe’s lifeline! & Europe is an old civilization

19. III. Moutains&Peaks Ural Mts. Carpathian Mts. Caucasus Mts. Alps Mts. Pyrennes Mts. Dinaric Alps Apennines Mts. Mt. Vesuvius ^ Mt. Olympus ^ Mt. Etna ^

20. Elevation Urals Caucasus Pyrennes Carpathians Alps Apennines

21. The Alps • Cover most of Switzerland, Austria, and parts of Italy and France.

22. Mt. Blanc in the Alps • Highest mountain in the Alps: 15,771 feet

23. Transylvaniain the Carpathian Mountains • Home of Vlad Tepeš, theDrakul (“Count Dracula”)

24. IV. The BENELUX Countries • Belgium • Netherlands • Luxembourg

25. Holland’s Dikes

26. Amsterdam’s Canals

27. Floods in The Netherlands 1953 The Dutch, after their terrifying experience of the February 1953 storms, made sure that flooding and destruction on that scale would never happen again by creating the greatest storm surge barrier in the world, known as the Delta project.

29. Netherlands’ Delta Plan(1957-81)A success story Delta Plan, flood control and reclamation project, S Netherlands, in the Rhine River delta. Built in 1957–81, it involved construction of four major dikes (up to 131 ft/40 m high) across the Rhine's four estuaries on the North Sea, three auxiliary dams, and a storm-tide barrage across the IJssel River. The project shortened the Dutch coastline by c.440 mi (700 km), reclaimed 6,100 acres (15,000 hectares), and created a freshwater lake (33 sq mi/85 sq km). Two navigable waterways to Antwerp and to Rotterdam and Europoort were left open.

30. The Netherlands • Around 50% of the country lies below sea level and it lies on the delta of three rivers (Rhine, Maas or Meuse and Schelde) • Lowest point: Zuidplaspolder – 7 m. • Highest point: Vaalserberg 322 m.

31. Netherlands as long as the dike hold up Veluwe Amsterdam Rotterdam Den Haag

32. …. this could happen Veluwe Amsterdam Rotterdam Den Haag

33. Flooding in 19532000 drowned72,000 evacuees300 farms were destroyed40,000 houses and 3,000 farms damaged

34. The Netherlands Live with Water.

35. Former innersea, now freshwater reserve floodbarriers Upstream waterretention and freshwaterreserves and one of Europe’s biggest wetland nature reserves National actions and policy AMSTERDAM ROTTERDAM

36. Oosterschelde bird eye view

37. Coastal embankments Typical crest level of 12-14 meters above MSL

38. ArcticOcean Completed Map Siberian Lowlands Ural Mts. Scandinavian Pen. AtlanticOcean Jutland Pen. Volga R. North Sea Baltic Sea Don R. Northern European Plain Thames R. Elbe R. Vistula R. English Channel Oder R. Rhine R. Steppes Dnieper R. Seine R. Carpathian Mts. CaspianSea Loire R. Caucasus Mts. Bay ofBiscay Alps Mts. Crimean Pen. Danube R. Po R. Pyrennes Mts. Italian Pen. Dinaric Alps Balkan Pen. BlackSea Tagus R. DardanellesStrait Apennines Mts. Tiber R. Iberian Pen. Adriatic Sea Mt. Vesuvius ^ Ebro R. Anatolean Pen. Mt. Olympus ^ AegeanSea TyrrhenianSea Strait ofGibraltar Mt. Etna ^ Peloponnesian Pen.

39. V. Earthquake Zones

40. Mt. Etna, Sicily • An active volcano

41. Mt. Vesuvius, Italy • Pompeii, 79 CE • Herculaneum, 79 CE • 1944 eruption

42. VI. Climate

43. Europe’s Latitude v. US

44. Climate

45. WESTERLY WINDS WARM EUROPE: • A Marine West Coast CLIMATE IS MOST OF EUROPE!! 2. The current of warm water from the tropics is called the North Atlantic Drift prevailing westerlies pick up this warmth!! 3.This is felt far inland!

46. HARSHER CONDITIONS INLAND!!! • Due to the ALPS and DISTANCE from the ATLANTIC OCEAN !!! • This area is a HUMID CONTENENTIAL climate!

47. THE SUNNY MEDITERRANEAN • MOUNTAIN RANGES block cold north winds! • The exception= FRANCE • Mistral: COLD, DRY WINDS FROM THE NORTH! • Most have SIROCCO hot south wind fromAFRICA • The climate attracts TOURISTS!!!

48. THE LAND OF THE MIDNIGHT SUN!!! • The far NORTHERN region (Arctic Circle), there are winter days when the sun never RISES and summer days when the sun never SETS!!

49. VII. Vegetation

50. The North European Plain