1 / 9

NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY

NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY. CHAPTER 21.1 Types of Radioactivity. Discovery of Radioactivity. Radiation: Energy that is spontaneously released from, or given off, by an object Accidentally discovered by Henri Becquerel in 1896

corina
Download Presentation

NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 21.1 Types of Radioactivity

  2. Discovery of Radioactivity • Radiation: Energy that is spontaneously released from, or given off, by an object • Accidentally discovered by Henri Becquerel in 1896 • Becquerel was studying a phosphorescent uranium compound when he discovered that it gave off, what he thought, was radiation. • To verify his hypothesis he sent his work to Marie Curie • Curie concluded that a nuclear reaction was occurring inside the uranium atoms because it had an unstable nucleus

  3. Radioactivity • Definition: the spontaneous emission of energy/radiation by an unstable atomic nucleus • Radioactive elements • Uranium • Plutonium • Radium • Radon • Curium

  4. Nuclear Reactions • During a nuclear reaction a nucleus can gain or lose protons and neutrons • What would happen if you gained or lost protons? • The identity of the element would change. • You can represent nuclear reactions with equations REACTANTS PRODUCTS PARENT ELEMENT DAUGHTER ELEMENT

  5. Types of Radiation • Alpha radiation • Consist of alpha particles. (α) • Helium nuclei being emitted from the nucleus U Th + He Uranium-238  Thorium-234 + Alpha particle • Do not travel far due to large mass (most massive of the particles) • Are not very penetrating- easily stopped by skin or paper • Only dangerous if ingested • Has a +2 charge • Symbol: 42 He

  6. Types of Radiation • Beta Radiation • Consist of beta particles (β) • Fast moving electrons formed by the decomposition of a neutron in an atom. N  H + e Neutron  proton + electron (beta particle) • The neutron decomposes into a proton, which remains in the nucleus, and an electron, which is released from the atom • Charge of -1 • These are more penetrating because they have less charge and less mass • Stopped by aluminum foil or thin pieces of wood • Symbol: 0-1e

  7. Types of Reactions • Gamma Radiation • Consist of gamma rays (ϒ) • High energy form of radiation because has no mass or charge • Penetrates almost everything and can seriously harm living cells • Can be stopped by thick blocks of lead or thicker blocks of concrete • Symbol:00Υ

  8. How far can they go?

  9. Detecting Radioactivity • Radioactivity cannot be seen, heard, smelled, tasted, or touched….so how do we know its there? • Photographic film • If the source of radioactivity is nearby • People who work near radiation wear film badges showing their exposure levels • Geiger counter • An instrument that senses radioactive particles

More Related