1 / 22

Nucleic Acids

Learn about the function, structure, and types of nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA, as well as their role in storing and transferring genetic information. Explore the double helix structure, nucleotide composition, and the importance of base pairing. Discover the process of DNA replication and its significance in cell reproduction.

corinnam
Download Presentation

Nucleic Acids

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Nucleic Acids Informationstorage

  2. proteins DNA Nucleic Acids • Function: • genetic material • stores information • genes • blueprint for building proteins • DNA  RNA  proteins • transfers information • blueprint for new cells • blueprint for next generation

  3. T G A C T A C A G G A T C

  4. Nucleic Acids • Examples: • RNA (ribonucleic acid) • single helix • DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) • double helix • Structure: • monomers = nucleotides DNA RNA

  5. Nucleotides • 3 parts • nitrogen base (C-N ring) • pentose sugar (5C) • ribose in RNA • deoxyribose in DNA • phosphate(PO4)group Nitrogen baseI’m the A,T,C,G or Upart! Are nucleic acidscharged molecules?

  6. Types of nucleotides Purine = AG Pure silver! • 2 types of nucleotides • different nitrogen bases • purines • double ring N base • adenine (A) • guanine (G) • pyrimidines • single ring N base • cytosine (C) • thymine (T) • uracil (U)

  7. Nucleic polymer • Backbone • sugar to PO4 bond • phosphodiester bond • new base added to sugar of previous base • polymer grows in one direction • N bases hang off the sugar-phosphate backbone Dangling bases?Why is this important?

  8. Pairing of nucleotides • Nucleotides bond between DNA strands • H bonds • purine :: pyrimidine • A :: T • 2 H bonds • G :: C • 3 H bonds Matching bases?Why is this important?

  9. DNA molecule • Double helix • H bonds between bases join the 2 strands • A :: T • C :: G H bonds?Why is this important?

  10. Copying DNA • Replication • 2 strands of DNA helix are complementary • have one, can build other • have one, can rebuild the whole Matching halves?Why is this a good system?

  11. When does a cell copy DNA? • When in the life of a cell does DNA have to be copied? • cell reproduction • mitosis • gamete production • meiosis

  12. DNA replication “It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material.” James Watson Francis Crick 1953

  13. 1953 | 1962 Watson and Crick … and others…

  14. 1953 | 1962 Maurice Wilkins… and…

  15. Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958)

  16. Interesting note… • Ratio of A-T::G-C affects stability of DNA molecule • 2 H bonds vs. 3 H bonds • biotech procedures • more G-C = need higher T° to separate strands • high T° organisms • many G-C • parasites • many A-T (don’t know why)

  17. Another interesting note… • ATPAdenosine triphosphate • modified nucleotide • adenine (AMP) + Pi + Pi + +

  18. Macromolecule Review

  19. Carbohydrates • Structure / monomer • monosaccharide • Function • energy • raw materials • energy storage • structural compounds • Examples • glucose, starch, cellulose, glycogen glycosidic bond

  20. Lipids • Structure / building block • glycerol, fatty acid, cholesterol, H-C chains • Function • energy storage • membranes • hormones • Examples • fat, phospholipids, steroids ester bond (in a fat)

  21. Proteins • Structure / monomer • amino acids • levels of structure • Function • enzymes u defense • transport u structure • signals u receptors • Examples • digestive enzymes, membrane channels, insulin hormone, actin peptide bond

  22. Nucleic acids • Structure / monomer • nucleotide • Function • information storage & transfer • Examples • DNA, RNA phosphodiester bond

More Related