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Solids

Solids. Image:Wikimedia Commons User Alchemistry -hp. Types of Solids. Crystalline Solids: highly regular arrangement of their components. Amorphous solids: considerable disorder in their structures (glass, plastic). Representation of Components in a Crystalline Solid.

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Solids

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  1. Solids Image:Wikimedia Commons User Alchemistry-hp

  2. Types of Solids • Crystalline Solids:highly regular arrangement of their components • Amorphous solids: considerable disorder in their structures (glass, plastic).

  3. Representation of Components in a Crystalline Solid Lattice: A 3-dimensional system of points designating the centers of components (atoms, ions, or molecules) that make up the substance.

  4. Bragg’s Law xy + yz = n and xy + yz = 2d sin n = 2d sin 

  5. Crystal Structures - Cubic Face-Centered Simple Body-Centered

  6. Crystal Structures - Monoclinic Simple End Face-Centered

  7. Crystal Structures - Tetragonal Body-Centered Simple

  8. Crystal Structures - Orthorhombic Simple End Face-Centered Body Centered Face Centered

  9. Crystal Structures – Other Shapes Rhombohedral Hexagonal Triclinic

  10. Closest Packing: Single Layer Photographer : Thierry Dugnolle

  11. Closest Packing: MultipleLayers Model: Packing uniform, hard spheres to best use available space. This is called closest packing. Each atom has 12 nearest neighbors.

  12. Metal Alloys • Substitutional Alloy: some metal atoms replaced by others of similar size. • brass = Cu/Zn

  13. Metal Alloys(continued) • Interstitial Alloy: Interstices (holes) in closest packed metal structure are occupied by small atoms. • steel = iron + carbon

  14. Network Atomic Solids Some covalently bonded substances DO NOT form discrete molecules. Diamond, a network of covalently bonded carbon atoms Graphite, a network of covalently bonded carbon atoms

  15. Molecular Solids Strong covalent forces within molecules Weak covalent forces between molecules Sulfur, S8 Phosphorus, P4

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