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Elias R. Melhem, MD

Elias R. Melhem, MD. MR Imaging: Basic Principles. Overview. Generation of MR Image MR Image Quality MR Imaging Protocols for Clinical Brain Imaging . Generation of MR Image. Nuclear magnetic resonance Spin density Spin lattice relaxation (T1) Spin spin relaxation (T2) Spatial encoding.

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Elias R. Melhem, MD

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  1. Elias R. Melhem, MD MR Imaging: Basic Principles

  2. Overview • Generation of MR Image • MR Image Quality • MR Imaging Protocols for Clinical Brain Imaging

  3. Generation of MR Image • Nuclear magnetic resonance • Spin density • Spin lattice relaxation (T1) • Spin spin relaxation (T2) • Spatial encoding

  4. MR Image Quality • Spatial Resolution • Contrast Resolution • Signal-to-Noise • Artifacts

  5. MR Imaging Protocols Tailored Based on: • Clinical Question • Capabilities of the MR scanner

  6. Basic Brain Protocol • Sagittal T1-W SE • Axial T2-W FSE • Axial Fast FLAIR • Axial D-W (b-1000)

  7. Metastases and Primary Brain Tumors Basic Brain Protocol + Gd-enhanced: • Axial T1-W SE • Coronal T1-W SE • Fast FLAIR (Subarachnoid Metastases)

  8. Pediatric (Age < 2 years-old) Basic Brain Protocol + • Axial T1-W SE • Coronal Phase-Sensitive Fast IR

  9. Pediatric (Age < 2 years-old) Basic Brain Protocol + • Axial T1-W SE • Coronal Phase-Sensitive Fast IR

  10. Stroke Protocol Basic Brain Protocol + • 3D TOF MRA of the Circle-of-Willis • Gd-based perfusion imaging

  11. Cervical Carotid Artery Protocol • 2D TOF MRA • Single slab 3D TOF MRA at the bifurcation • Contrast-enhanced Coronal 3D MRA • Axial T1-W SE with Fat Saturation (Dissection)

  12. Internal Auditory Canal Protocol Basic Brain Protocol + High Resolution: • Axial 3D T2-W FSE • Axial T1-W SE • Coronal T1-W SE with and without Gd -enhancement May consider Fat Saturation for post-operative evaluation

  13. Orbital Protocol Basic Brain Protocol + High Resolution: • Coronal STIR or FLAIR with Fat Saturation • Axial T1-W SE • Coronal T1-W SE with and without Gd -enhancement

  14. Pituitary Protocol Basic Brain Protocol + High Resolution: • Sagittal T1-W SE • Coronal T1-W SE with and without Gd -enhancement May consider Fat Saturation for post-operative evaluation

  15. Epilepsy (Age < 35 year-old) Basic Brain Protocol + Oblique Coronal: • T2-W-FSE • Fast FALIR • Phase-Sensitive Fast IR

  16. Fetal Imaging • HASTE / Single Shot FSE

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