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Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria and Department of Physics, University of Helsinki Finland. Contents Introduction
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Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria and Department of Physics, University of Helsinki Finland
Contents Introduction - observational data of UT moisture - water activity criterion Approaches for explanation of large UT moisture - cubic ice hypothesis - organic coating around sulfuric acid aerosol - glassy organic (citric acid) aerosol - mixed-phase cirrus cloud particles
The warming is large at the upper troposphere in the tropics and the lower troposphere in the northern high latitude. http://www.mri-jma.go.jp/Dep/cl/cl4/yosoku/yosoku-en.htm
Maximum RHi of aqueous aerosol droplets which is allowed by a water activity criterion (WAC).
Equilibrium partial pressures of the components of ideal and non-ideal binary solution as a function of the mole fraction XA. When XA → 1, we have a dilute solution of B in A. In this region the Raoult’s law pA = XA p*A is applied for A. In the region where XA→ 0, we have the Raoult’s law pB = XB p*B for B component.
, Water activity may be approximated as
Hexagonal ice lattice Cubic ice
Diffraction patterns from frozen emulsified droplets of 30 wt % HNO3.
The hypotheses of organic coating around sulfuric acid aerosol
Calorimetric thermograms of emulsified 17 wt% H2SO4 and 17/3 wt% H2SO4/HNO3.
16 Cooling Droplets are on hydrophobic surface. 50 μm
17 Cooling
18 Cooling
19 Cooling
20 Cooling
21 Cooling
22 Cooling
23 Cooling
39 Warming
40 Warming
41 Warming
42 Warming
43 Warming
44 Warming
45 Warming
46 Warming
47 Warming
48 Warming
49 Warming
50 Warming
51 Warming
52 Warming
54 Warming
55 Warming
56 Warming
57 Warming
58 Warming
62 Warming
65 Warming
