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Explore the economic activities and industries in the New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies, including farming, fishing, shipbuilding, lumber, mills, artisans, diversity, cash crops, and plantation life.
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Colonial Economies Economy: how people make and spend money.
New England Colonies • Short growing season and rocky soil made farming difficult. • Small subsistence farms where just enough was grown to feed the family.
New England Colonies • Closeness to Atlantic made fishing and whaling leading economic activities.
New EnglandFishing • Fish were plentiful off New England. • Catch was salted to preserve it and exported to Europe.
New England Shipbuilding and Trade • New Englanders began building their own ships. • Ships were used in trade with England and other countries. • Other nations bought New England ships.
New EnglandLumber • Forests were plentiful. • Lumber was a big industry. • Lumber is a raw material. • Furniture is an example of a finished product.
Triangular Trade • describes the trade routes between the Colonies, Europe, and Africa. • Raw materials sent from colonies to Europe. • Finished products sent to Africa in exchange for slaves. • Slaves sent to colonies.
The Middle Colonies“The Breadbasket Colonies” Much of the grain used throughout the colonies came from the Middle Colonies
The Middle ColoniesFarming • Longer growing seasons and good soil. • Farming was the main occupation. • Wheat, oats, corn and barley were grown. • These grains are used to make bread. • The Middle Colonies were known as the “Breadbasket Colonies” because they exported grain to other colonies.
The Middle ColoniesMills • Grains taken to grist mills. • Grist mills ground grain into flour, which was used to make bread. • Grist mills were powered by water wheels. • Excess flour was sold to people in other colonies.
Middle ColoniesArtisans and Craftsmen • Made things that most people couldn’t make for themselves. • Iron pots and pans, glassware, furniture.
Middle ColoniesConestoga Wagons • German settlers built them to help carry their products to towns for sale. • These covered wagons quickly became the SUV’s of the colonies. • Conestoga wagons were important in settling the west.
Middle ColoniesDiversity • Settlers from many different nations moved to the Middle Colonies. • They brought with them many different religions, languages, and cultures. • The Quaker influence led to a spirit of toleration in the Middle Colonies. • Slavery was uncommon in the Middle Colonies.
The Southern Colonies Beautiful homes, rich fertile soil, long growing seasons. The Southern Colonies were a paradise. If you were a plantation owner!
The Southern Colonies • The southern colonies had a very long growing season and very fertile soil. • This made growing cash crops very profitable. • Labor on large farms was done by slaves imported from Africa. • Slaves were considered property and not people. • Slaves had no rights at all.
The Southern ColoniesCash Crops • Farmers in the Southern Colonies grew tobacco, rice, and indigo.
Southern ColoniesPlantations • Plantations were large farms in the Southern colonies. • Plantations could have thousands of acres. • Plantations were almost entirely self-sufficient. • Almost everything they needed was made on the plantation.
Southern ColoniesPlantations Southern Plantation house View of 18th Century Plantation
Slave Life • Worked long days • Lived in small one room cabins and slept on cots • Were beaten if they weren’t doing enough work • Received small amounts of food • Were viewed as property not as people
Stono Rebellion • Group of slaves rebelled and killed some planter families • White militia finally stopped them and executed any slaves that didn’t die during the battle • The rebellion led to stricter slave codes and made slave life much more difficult
