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Have you ever wondered….

Delve into the mysteries of the universe and discover the building blocks of matter, from atoms to elementary particles. Explore the Standard Model of Particle Physics, particle accelerators, and the quest for answers to the fundamental questions of our existence.

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Have you ever wondered….

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  1. Have you ever wondered…. How often you could split a grain of sand into smaller pieces? What the universe is made of? If it is possible to travel backwards in time?

  2. With really powerful microscopes it is possible to see atoms directly

  3. What is the universe made of? Atoms mountain galaxy The matter in the universe is made up of nearly 100 types of atom (periodic table). The atoms are made of the elementary particles

  4. The constituents of matter Click here to view animation

  5. Atoms are tiny - elementary particles inside atoms are even smaller All of the matter in this room is made of up & down quarks (inside protons and neutrons), electrons and neutrinos. These particles are stable. Other much heavier elementary particles exist. They live for fractions of a second and then disintegrate into stable particles.

  6. The Four Forces Elementary particles bind together on all scales from the quarks, through nuclei, atoms, molecules, gases, liquids, solids to planets, stars and galaxies. They do this through four forces Lets quarks change identity

  7. The Standard Model • The theories and discoveries of thousands of physicists over the past 100 years have created the Standard Model of Particles and Forces. • The Standard Model has been well tested in particle physics experiments. It includes within it all of electricity & magnetism and hence electronic engineering, chemistry, the physics of solids/liquids/gases, nanoscale physics, biophysics, nuclear physics, astrophysics. + antiparticles for each quark and lepton (anti-matter)

  8. All of the elementary particles in the standard model existed for a few instants after the Big Bang. Since then, only the enormous concentrations of energy that can be reached in an accelerator can recreate them. Studying particle collisions is like looking back in time, recreating the environment that existed at the birth of the Universe.

  9. Complete History of the Universe (abridged) Energy density Particle Physics is here in 2007 Particle Physics goal

  10. Atom smashers: Particle Accelerator

  11. In the LHC, protons are accelerated to 7,000,000,000,000 volts

  12. Large Hadron Collider (LHC): 27 km (18 mile circumference, 100 m underground)

  13. Recipe for making every type of elementary particle new particles of the primordial soup Energy of the beams

  14. How do we see the collisions?The Eyes of a Insect: 1 billion collisions/second 1,000 particles every 25 nanoseconds We need highly granular detectors that take pictures quickly, and manipulate the resulting data onboard and store it before shipping to a farm of computers

  15. The Eyes of a Piece of Silicon: The length of each side of the square is about the thickness of a piece of paper. Each eye is called a pixel

  16. A Silicon camera we built at Purdue in 1999 We are building a more advanced version of this detector for the LHC

  17. CMS at LHC 36 Nations 159 Institutions 1940 scientists 16m 21 m

  18. Transverse slice through CMS detector Click on a particle type to visualise that particle in CMS

  19. Discovery of the Higgs or SUSY or... in 2008?

  20. CERN in 2 Minutes Click on the picture below to start the RealPlayer movie

  21. Summary The CMS experiment is under construction and will begin taking data in 2008 We are poised to answer some of the great questions of the 21st Century Our notion of space and time may be radically altered We may understand how the universe was born and how it will end None of this would be possible without crucial help from computer scientists, electronic & mechanical engineers, many other types of physicists, hi-tech industries, and the tax payers of the world See http://cmsinfo.cern.ch/outreach

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