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Row Patterns - Tillage. John Baldwin Univ. of Georgia. Topics. Rotations Land Prep and Fertilization Varieties Seed Disease and Nematodes Insects Cultural Practices Weed Management. Varieties Planting Date Seeding Rate. Row patterns Tillage In-furrow insecticide. TSWV.
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Row Patterns - Tillage John Baldwin Univ. of Georgia
Topics • Rotations • Land Prep and Fertilization • Varieties • Seed • Disease and Nematodes • Insects • Cultural Practices • Weed Management
Varieties Planting Date Seeding Rate Row patterns Tillage In-furrow insecticide TSWV
Yield Losses • 20-40 lbs/A ($4-10/A) for each percent of row feet affected • 50% affected = 1000-2000 lb/A yield loss • Early season infection worse than late • Levels seen in 95-97 were a real threat to survival of the peanut industry in GA
Why does severity vary from field to field? • Severity affected by cultivar, planting date, plant population, at-plant insecticide, row pattern, tillage, (adjacent crops?, others?) • Impact of each of these is not equal, but additive • Use of multiple practices can greatly reduce severity and increase yield
Twin Vs. Single Rows • Less TSWV • Better Yield and Grade • Quicker Canopy Closure
Seed Management • Twin and Single Rows • Seeding Rates • Seed Quality
Seeding Rate/Acre for Various Peanut Varieties • 6 seed/ft single • 3 seed/ft twin
The Formula is: • Seed/ft x row length seed count per pound
Location Average Across Four Locations Treatment Net Returns $/Acre Yield Lbs/A. TSMK (%) OK (%) TSWV (%) 2 seed/ft row $133 a 3840 b 76 a 3 b 18 b 3 seed/ft row $177 a 4130 a 76 a 4 a 12 a 4 seed/ft row $107 a 3920 b 76 a 3 b 14 a
Effect of Seeding Rate on Yield and Grade of C99-R peanut planted in Twin Row patterns at Four locations during 1999-2001
In-Furrow insecticides on Twin Rows • Thimet 3.5 on each twin row • Temik 4 on each twin row • Ortene 4 oz/ 100 lb of seed .
Reduced Tillage • Strip Tillage • Less LCBs • Less TSWV • Twin Vs. Single Rows • Water Conservation
Reduces Labor Reduces Time Reduces Fuel Less Machinery wear Traps Soil Moisture Improves water availability Advantages for Reduced Tillage
Challenges for Peanuts • One versus Two Pass System • Activation of Herbicides • Plant Stands • Cover Crop and Level Fields • Heavy Soils • Harvest Losses • More Detail to Management
Yield of 3 Peanut Cultivars planted in Single and Twin Row Patterns from 1999-2001 • Georgia Green (13 locations) • AgraTech 201 (7 locations) • Georgia Hi/Ol (4 locations)
Effect of Row Pattern on Yield, Grade and TSWV incidence of 11 peanut cultivars at 13 locations for 1999-2001
Effect of Row Pattern on Yield, Grade and TSWV incidence of 11 peanut cultivars at 13 locations for 1999-2001
Yield and Grade of Six peanut cultivars planted by strip till and conventional methods on twin or single rows at 13 locations 99-2001
Effect of Row Pattern on Yield, Grade and TSWV incidence of 11 peanut cultivars at 13 locations for 1999-2001
Terms to Remember • No till saves you time and labor but you better be on time with your labor • If it don’t rain it don’t matter • Good judgment comes from experience and experience comes from poor judgment
UGA Peanut Team www.ugapeanuts.com www.gaweed.com