Row Patterns - Tillage

1. Row Patterns - Tillage John Baldwin Univ. of Georgia

2. Topics • Rotations • Land Prep and Fertilization • Varieties • Seed • Disease and Nematodes • Insects • Cultural Practices • Weed Management

3. Varieties Planting Date Seeding Rate Row patterns Tillage In-furrow insecticide TSWV

4. Yield Losses • 20-40 lbs/A ($4-10/A) for each percent of row feet affected • 50% affected = 1000-2000 lb/A yield loss • Early season infection worse than late • Levels seen in 95-97 were a real threat to survival of the peanut industry in GA

5. Why does severity vary from field to field? • Severity affected by cultivar, planting date, plant population, at-plant insecticide, row pattern, tillage, (adjacent crops?, others?) • Impact of each of these is not equal, but additive • Use of multiple practices can greatly reduce severity and increase yield

6. Twin Vs. Single Rows • Less TSWV • Better Yield and Grade • Quicker Canopy Closure

7. Seed Management • Twin and Single Rows • Seeding Rates • Seed Quality

8. Seeding Rate/Acre for Various Peanut Varieties • 6 seed/ft single • 3 seed/ft twin

9. The Formula is: • Seed/ft x row length seed count per pound

10. Location Average Across Four Locations Treatment Net Returns $/Acre Yield Lbs/A. TSMK (%) OK (%) TSWV (%) 2 seed/ft row $133 a 3840 b 76 a 3 b 18 b 3 seed/ft row $177 a 4130 a 76 a 4 a 12 a 4 seed/ft row $107 a 3920 b 76 a 3 b 14 a

11. Ga Green Seeding Rate Tests6 Locations-1999 & 2000

12. Effect of Seeding Rate on Yield and Grade of C99-R peanut planted in Twin Row patterns at Four locations during 1999-2001

13. In-Furrow insecticides on Twin Rows • Thimet 3.5 on each twin row • Temik 4 on each twin row • Ortene 4 oz/ 100 lb of seed .

14. Reduced Tillage • Strip Tillage • Less LCBs • Less TSWV • Twin Vs. Single Rows • Water Conservation

15. Reduces Labor Reduces Time Reduces Fuel Less Machinery wear Traps Soil Moisture Improves water availability Advantages for Reduced Tillage

16. Challenges for Peanuts • One versus Two Pass System • Activation of Herbicides • Plant Stands • Cover Crop and Level Fields • Heavy Soils • Harvest Losses • More Detail to Management

17. Strip till into Rye

18. Strip Till rye mulch Contil farm

19. Twin Row Strip Till 2001

20. Can you get to much mulch?

21. Yield of 3 Peanut Cultivars planted in Single and Twin Row Patterns from 1999-2001 • Georgia Green (13 locations) • AgraTech 201 (7 locations) • Georgia Hi/Ol (4 locations)

23. Effect of Row Pattern on Yield, Grade and TSWV incidence of 11 peanut cultivars at 13 locations for 1999-2001

24. Effect of Row Pattern on Yield, Grade and TSWV incidence of 11 peanut cultivars at 13 locations for 1999-2001

25. Yield and Grade of Six peanut cultivars planted by strip till and conventional methods on twin or single rows at 13 locations 99-2001

26. Effect of Row Pattern on Yield, Grade and TSWV incidence of 11 peanut cultivars at 13 locations for 1999-2001

27. Terms to Remember • No till saves you time and labor but you better be on time with your labor • If it don’t rain it don’t matter • Good judgment comes from experience and experience comes from poor judgment

28. UGA Peanut Team www.ugapeanuts.com www.gaweed.com