Management Information Systems

1. Management Information Systems Chapter 12 Information Security Management

2. This Could Happen to You • Emerson Pharmaceuticals • $800M in sales • 200 person IT department • DSI • $50M in sales • 1 person IT department • No in-house software development • Why the difference? • Directors and project managers at DSI are knowledgeable in IT • Support users at DSI want only reliable IT infrastructure • DSI has a wired/wireless LAN with two servers • What about security?

3. Study Questions • Q1. What are the sources and types of security threats? • Q2. What are the elements of a security program? • Q3. How can technical safeguards protect against security threats? • Q4. How can data safeguards protect against security threats? • Q5. How can human safeguards protect against security threats? • Q6. What is necessary for disaster preparedness? • Q7. How should organizations respond to security incidents?

4. Q1. Sources of Security Threats (1) • Human errors and mistakes • Accidental problems • Poorly written programs • Poorly designed procedures • Physical accidents • Malicious human activity • Intentional destruction of data • Destroying system components • Hackers • Virus and worm writers • Criminals • Terrorists

5. Sources of Security Threats (2) • Natural events and disasters • Fires, floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis, avalanches, tornados • Initial losses of capability • Losses from recovery actions

6. 安全威脅

7. Types of Problems (1) • Unauthorized data disclosure • Human error • Posting private information in public place • Placing restricted information on searchable Web sites • Inadvertent disclosure • Malicious release • Pretexting • Phishing • Spoofing • Sniffing • Breaking into networks

8. Types of Problems (2) • Incorrect data modifications • Human errors • Incorrect entries and information • Procedural problems • Incorrect data modifications • Systems errors • Hacking • Faulty recovery actions • Faulty Service • Incorrect systems operations • Usurpation

9. Types of Problems (3) • Denial of service (DOS) • Human error • Attacks • Loss of infrastructure • Accidental • Theft • Terrorism • Natural disasters

10. MIS in Use: Phishing for Credit Card Accounts • Phishing • Operation that spoofs legitimate companies in an attempt to get credit card information, driver’s licenses, and other data • Usually initiated by e-mail request • Designed to cause you to click • Asks for personal data • May install spyware, malware, adware • Defenses • Know your purchases and deal directly with vendors • Implausibility of e-mail • Don’t be misled by legitimate-looking graphics, addresses

11. Q2. Elements of a Security Program • Senior management involvement • Must establish a security policy • Manage risk • Balancing costs and benefits • Safeguards • Protections against security threats • Incident response • Must plan for prior to incidents

12. 與五元件有關的安全防護

13. Q3. Technical Safeguards (1) • Involves hardware and software components • User names and passwords • Identification • Authentication • Smart cards • Personal identification number (PIN) • Biometric authentication • Fingerprints, facial scans, retina scans • Single sign-on

14. Technical Safeguards (2) • Malware • Viruses • Worms • Trojan horses • Spyware programs • Adware • Malware safeguards • Antivirus and anti-spyware programs • Scan hard drive and e-mail • Update definitions • Open e-mail attachments only from known sources • Install updates promptly • Browse only reputable Web sites

15. 科技面安全防護

16. 間諜軟體和廣告軟體

17. 惡意軟體研究調查結果

18. Q4. Security Threat Protection by Data Safeguards • Data administration • Organization-wide function • Develops data policies • Enforce data standards • Database administration • Database function • Procedures for multi-user processing • Change control to structure • Protection of database

19. Data Safeguards • Encryption keys • Key escrow • Backup copies • Store off-premise • Check validity • Physical security • Lock and control access to facility • Maintain entry log • Third party contracts • Safeguards are written into contracts • Right to inspect premises and interview personnel

20. 資料面防護

21. Q5. Human Safeguards (1) • People and procedure component • Access restriction requires authentication and account management • User accounts considerations • Define job tasks and responsibility • Separate duties and authorities • Grant least possible privileges • Document security sensitivity • Hiring and screening employees

22. Human Safeguards (2) • Employees need to be made aware of policies and procedures • Employee security training • Enforcement of policies • Define responsibilities • Hold employees accountable • Encourage compliance • Management attitude is crucial • Create policies and procedures for employee termination • Protect against malicious actions in unfriendly terminations • Remove user accounts and passwords

23. 內部人員的安全防護法規

24. Non-Employee Personnel • Temporary personnel and vendors • Screen personnel • Training and compliance • Contract should include specific security provisions • Provide accounts and passwords with the least privileges • Public users • Harden Web site and facility • Take extraordinary measures to reduce system’s vulnerability • Partners and public that receive benefits from system • Protect these users from internal company security problems

25. Account Administration • Account management procedures • Creation of new accounts, modification of existing accounts, removal of terminated accounts • Password management • Acknowledgment forms • Change passwords frequently • Help-desk policies • Authentication of users who have lost password • Password should not be e-mailed

26. 帳號認可切結書的範例

27. Guide: Metasecurity • Metadata is data about data • Securing the security system • Accounting controls • Storage of file accounts and passwords • Encryption and keys • Use temporary keys • Encourage reporting of flaws • Using white hats • Do you trust them? • What do you do with them when they’ve completed their check of system? • Code control

28. Information Systems Safety Procedures • Procedure types • Normal operations • Backup • Recovery • Should be standardized for each procedure type • Each procedure type should be defined for both system users and operations personnel • Different duties and responsibilities • Varying needs and goals

29. 系統程序

30. Security Monitoring • Activity log analyses • Firewall logs • DBMS log-in records • Web server logs • Security testing • In-house and external security professionals • Investigation of incidents • How did the problem occur? • Lessons learned • Indication of potential vulnerability and corrective actions

31. Q6. Disaster Preparedness • Disaster • Substantial loss of infrastructure caused by acts of nature, crime, or terrorism • Best safeguard is location of infrastructure • Backup processing centers in geographically removed site • Create backups for critical resources • Hot and cold sites • Train and rehearse cutover of operations

32. Q7. Incident Response • Organization must have plan • Detail reporting and response • Centralized reporting of incidents • Allows for application of specialized expertise • Speed is of the essence • Preparation pays off • Identify critical employees and contact numbers • Training is vital • Practice incidence response

33. How Does Knowledge from This Chapter Help You at DSI? • Use it personally • Limit DSI’s exposure • Limit your own exposure • Create strong passwords • Follow appropriate data procedures • Do not store sensitive data on computer • Limit data on laptops • Recognize phishing attacks • Send information on disaster preparedness and incidence response to management