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INTRODUCTION

Impact of land-use changes on birds diversity and their activities between the protected area and the adjacent communities.(ANAPA). INTRODUCTION.

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INTRODUCTION

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  1. Impact of land-use changes on birds diversity and their activities between the protected area and the adjacent communities.(ANAPA)

  2. INTRODUCTION • Land-use change is known to be a key driver of biodiversity change. Over the decades land-use changes on areas adjacent to protected areas had significant impacts on both floral and faunal diversity. • Intense habitat alteration has also contributed to the disappearance of many species of birds.

  3. PROBLEM STATEMENT • Land use changes to a large extent has affected bird’s life hence reduction of their diversity. • In many places cultivation has destroyed most of the habitat and nesting sites of birds thus reducing their diversity.

  4. JUSTIFICATION • This research therefore will be based on finding out the diversity of birds’ species and their daily activities in the protected area which contain secondary vegetation and adjacent areas on the Ngongongare village land so as to come up with comparison which will determine if the land-use changes have affected birds’ diversity or not by comparing the two sites.

  5. LITERATURE REVIEW • There have been a number of published studies examining the relationship between birds and the Irish agricultural landscape. • However, agricultural ecosystems are dynamic and complex habitats undergoing constant change with potentially important interactions between land use practice and biodiversity, including birds, which require ongoing surveillance.

  6. GENERAL OBJECTIVES. • The general objective is to assess land-use changes on birds’ diversity and their activities in the protected area of Arusha National Park and the adjacent communities.

  7. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES : • To identify types of land use in the village land adjacent to ANAPA. • To identify birds’ species in the village land and the one found in ANAPA. • To compare birds’ diversity and their activities between the protected area and birds found in the village land.

  8. HYPOTHESES : • Ho: There is no significant difference in birds’ diversity and their activities between the protected area of Arusha National Park and the adjacent village land. • Ha: There is a significant difference in birds’ diversity and their activities between the protected area of Arusha National Park and the adjacent village land.

  9. METHODOLOGYStudy Area description • Arusha National Park is one of Tanzania national park which is lying between the peaks of Kilimanjaro and Meru. • The Park has a wide range of habitats, from the string of crater lakes where many water birds can be watched, through the highland montane forest and on up to the imposing summit of Mt. Meru. This Park has a relatively small area, covering an area of 542 square kilometers.

  10. Map of Arusha national Park

  11. METHOD:Point count (Point transect) • A transect of one kilometer will be established, whereby within the transect, the total of 10 points of a fixed radius will be established. The total of 4 transects will be introduced and a fixed radius in each point will be 25 meters. The total time of observation will be 10 minutes in each counting station, and 3 minutes will be used to settle as our approach would have cause some disturbances.

  12. Method cont… • All predefined points will be selected using random numbers obtained from a calculator ranging from 50-100 meters within the points which will lie on a specified transects of 1000 meters. The transect will have ten points with a minimum of 100 meters from one point up to the end of another counting station, and in all points the total of 1 hour and 40 minutes. The study will be conducted early in the morning and late evening where the period will be 3 hours. This method is appropriate in open areas where there is no much cover.

  13. An example of a transect line showing the parameters from one point to another

  14. Data Analysis : • Descriptive statistic Tables will be used to present the collected data on diversity of birds. • Inferential statistic The t-test will be applied to test if there is significant difference on the diversity of bird’s species between the village land and protected area of ANAPA.

  15. WEEKS 1ST WEEK 2ND WEEK 3RD WEEK 4TH WEEK DAY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 ACTIVITY TO BE DONE. LOCATION Preparation and Reconnaissance survey ANAPA and Ngorongare village Data collection ANAPA Data collection ANAPA Data collection Ngorongare village Data collection Ngorongare village Data analysis and Research writing Submission of 1st draft Supervisor Corrections Submission of 2nd draft Supervisor Corrections Final Submission Supervisor

  16. ITEMS QUANTITY/DAY TOTAL COST (Tsh) FOOD 14 60,000 ·        Stationary ·        Digital Camera (hire) ·        Batteries ·        Picture process ·        Printing ü      Black & white ü      Colored 100 pages 20 pages 10,000 20,000 3,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 14 14 20,000 40,000 TOTAL 223,200 • Emergency/caution money • Accommodation

  17. "thank you very much"

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