What is CityLinks?

1. What is CityLinks? • USAID-funded program that offers city-to-city exchanges addressing climate change, food security, and water and sanitation challenges. • Visit our site to learn more: icma.org/citylinks • Follow us on Twitter @ICMACityLinks

2. CityLinks Blog and Group • Searching for new sustainability, food security or water and sanitation resources and updates about our projects? Visit our blogat icma.org/citylinks • Join the CityLinks Climate Preparedness, Adaptation, and Resilience group on the Knowledge Network!

3. Phong TranTechnical Lead,Institute for Social and Environmental Transition, Vietnam

4. Mekong-BRACE program Climate resilience planning approach Resilience planning process Urban climate resilience framework Shared, learning, dialogues and iterative learning Experiences from Hue City, Vietnam Urban resilience planning and intervention Key findings Lessons learned Recommendations Outline

5. A three year project funded by USAID The goal is to build resilience to climate change in medium size cities in Thailand and Vietnam Mekong-BRACE Lao Cai • Expected Results: • A shared learning dialogue processes among city stakeholders established; • Practical resilience measures tested and implemented; • Stakeholder knowledge and awareness of urban climate resilience strengthened; • Methods, tools and training guidelines developed and refined; • Lessons and replicable processes documented and disseminated Udon Hue Phuket

6. Led by local governments Engagement of multiple departments and stakeholders Capacity building and shared learning Collaborative work plan development Resilience Planning Process

7. Resilience Planning Framework

8. SLD and Iterative Learning

9. Coordinated by DONRE under the guidance of Provincial Steering Committee for CC; Conducted by local CC working group with multi-stakeholders from city and provincial levels Vision-setting and key contents for resilience based on a series of discussions and SLDs with larger audiences Resilience approaches, climate information and VA methods supported by ISET and NISTPASS Vulnerability Assessment in Hue

10. Four Components Climate trend analysis Institutional capacity assessment using LGSAT tools, in-depth interview, group discussion; Physical systems assessment using spatial data analysis and scenarios Community and local residential adaptive capacity using PRA tools Overall VA in Hue

11. Climate change impacts experienced at local levels Big gap between locally observed data and official climate change scenarios Hue is experienced with DRR - but that it is quite a leap from DRR to climate - and then from climate to climate resilience Key Findings

12. Old risks still exist, but new risks appear due to climate change impacts (e.g. upstream reservoirs management) Gaps between climate change awareness and actions Limited coordination between departments and agencies lessens the climate resilience of the city. Key Findings

13. Climate change is real, already affects local levels, and it is more severe than B2 scenario suggests. However, the city’s development plan does not factor in enough climate change in planning for this urban expansion The expansion rests on an assumption that key flood infrastructure will work well Key Issues Hue urban expansion: Source KOICA project

14. Top down planning commonly practiced Technocratic viewpoint, more focus on physical systems, not on institutions and adaptive capacity of people and communities Coordination of multi-stakeholders with different perspectives and priorities Lack of experiences in linking local VA and regional climate information Resilience planning new for local people Traditional “predict then act” approach vs. resilience approach of “learn from and adapt to unexpected events” Overall Challenges

15. Resilience approach is new but well received SLD and iterative approach that bring different actors together to discuss and share experiences are effective ways to build capacity and strengthen knowledge. The city does the work, which makes the process quite slow but there is greater ownership and therefore better chance for sustainability Lessons Learned From Process

16. Need a long term vision and plan for the urban future Urban development plan should be based on safe failure approach (e.g. a technical review of risk and safe failure options for water infrastructures) Need better information about urban expansion and climate issues (e.g. monitoring the expansion in the flood plain and developing e-flood maps using mobile apps) Need better coordination between government departments, need to bring in private sector, and local communities into urban planning process Resilience planning should link to the existing projects and programs of the cities Recommendations

17. THANK YOU! Contact Us Phong Tran: phongtran@i-s-e-t.org www.i-s-e-t.org

18. Sanjib Kumar SahaResponse/Adaptation Management Analyst,United Nations Development Programme, Bangladesh

19. Resilient City Development: The Comprehensive Disaster Management Program’s Intervention in Urban Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation

20. “The Climate Change Phenomenon is Making the Issue of Sustainable Urbanization a Matter of Urgency” UN-HABITAT

21. Structure of the Presentation • Strategic Context and Problem • Bangladesh position as per the World Risk Report • Climate change, environment and disaster risk issues, threats and challenges • Climate Change and Urbanization in BD • Climate Induced Risk and Vulnerability • CDMP Urban Risk Reduction • Challenges • Looking Forward

22. Strategic Context and Problem • Megacities, secondary, and small growing towns are subjected to climate change, environmental hazards and disaster risks • Effects of climate change, environmental degradation, and disaster further threaten the lives, livelihoods, assets, environmental quality, and economic gains of city dwellers, particularly the urban poor • Policy and planning are not adequately responsive to the dynamic interrelations and the combined impacts of climate change, environment, and disaster risk (CCED) in the different sectors, socio-economic strata of population, and hazard specific geographical areas

23. Bangladesh position as per the World Risk Report 2012:- 31.7% in terms of exposure towards natural hazards and climate change; - 63.78% in susceptibility of infrastructure, nutrition, housing situation and economic framework conditions; - 86.84% coping capacities in terms of governance, disaster preparedness and early warning, medical services, and social and material coverage; and - 61.03% lack of adaptive capabilities relating to forthcoming natural events, to climate change, and to other challenges

24. Climate change, environment and disaster risk issues, threats and challenges • Bangladesh is most vulnerable to climate change because of human induced and climate change related hazards. The change is apparently and actually visible everywhere in the country, including the urban areas. • Dense population and rapid urbanization are notable features of BD. These have increased the demand for urban infrastructural facilities and services. • Rapid urban growth with the presence of hazards makes the risk reduction a prominent agenda for BD. • Lack of climate adaptive employment opportunities, insecurity, low wage and general lack of female employment. • Climate change and its impacts are accelerating and aggravating the situation.

25. Climate Change and Urbanization in BD Between 1974 and 2001, the country’s urban population grew from 6 million to 30 million, and it is expected to double or even triple by mid-century, with the highest growth rates (up to 7% per year) found in urban slums. The rapid growth of Bangladesh’s urban population is the result of a high natural population growth combined with climate change induced in-migration from rural to urban areas by poor populations in search of jobs and economic opportunities (2001 Bangladesh Census).

26. Climate Induced Risk and Vulnerability – An Account Prolonged floods and water logging in the city Four major floods in last 20 years: in 1988, 1998, 2004 and 2007 Floods of 1998 and 2004 were worst in terms of inundation and duration of flood water in the city fringe areas Over 50% city people, mostly slum dwellers and living in low lying areas were badly affected People were forced to stay on roof tops during prolonged floods SMEs (including garments industries), small trading and retailers suffered the most for months In 2007, over 90,000 people in Dhaka city were infected by diarrheal diseases in one week during flood Communication was badly affected, people had to swim to collect food and water

27. CDMP – Synonym of Disaster & Climate Risk Reduction • Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP) is a Technical Support Programme of the Government of Bangladesh supported by host of donors • Facilitate paradigm shift from response to risk reduction • Integrate DRR & CCA in local development planning • Mainstreaming DRR & CCA in all development sectors • Drive and facilitate the concept of “resilience” to encompass both disaster and effects of climate change

28. Urban Risk Reduction Activities • Earthquake risk assessment and contingency planning in targeted cities and urbanized municipalitiesand development of ward level spatial contingency plan for 3 city corporations • Support UDD to develop disaster risk reduction integrated physical plan/land use map for Mymensingh urban areas along with rural (10 new unions) areas • Model development for enhancing capacities of seismic retrofitting technology of critical infrastructures • Landslide hazard assessment study conducted on landslide zonation mapping for Cox’s Bazar and Teknaf – under the process of publication • Safer City campaign – Orientation workshop for Mayors on LG-SAT and CRA/FTCRA in cooperation with UNISDR & MAB under Safer City Campaign: Making Cities Resilient. Till now 180 Municipal Mayors of Bangladesh signed UNISDR Protocol. • 1st batch completed in March with 16 participants Mayors • 2nd batch is scheduled at June 01-02 with likely participants of 36

29. Urban Risk Reduction Activities • Urban LDRRF interventions • Construction of storm sewer lines of 6.1 km and RCC U channel is ongoing at Mymensingh Municipality • MoU & FA signed with Sylhet City Corporation for re-excavation of various khal/chora and drain; under tendering process • Construction of roadside U drain, box culvert, guard wall, footpath, catch-pit and canal re-excavation at Chittagong City Corporation – work started recently (10% progress) • Re-excavation works along with construction of RCC retaining wall on both sides of Moheshkhal in Chittagong - under tendering process • Institutionalize ward level contingency plans • Disseminate ward level contingency plan to the volunteers and Ward Disaster Management Committee • Ongoing training to urban registered volunteers on contingency planning, conduct simulation drill, overseas tour program for FSCD personnel. • Expand support to FSCD for procuring equipment

30. Innovative Urban Initiatives • Landslide risk reduction interventions that include Rainfall Triggered Landslide Hazard Zonation in Cox's Bazar and Teknaf Municipalities. This intervention has introduced Community-based Landslide Early Warning System • Working with the Mymensingh Municipality and construct infrastructure system to facilitate drainage during heady monsoon downpour • Flood resilient housing in low lying Gopalganj Municipality for urban poor communities Asian Coalition for Housing Rights (ACHR), Thailand under Asian Coalition for Community Action (ACCA)

31. Challenges: Critical Limitation • Managing multiple hazards with the current institutional and local level government structure and their limited technical capacity • Absence of suitable and tested alternatives and political commitment to tackle the urban influx from the rural areas • Limited evidence based information and data to provide to the communities for adaptation planning

32. Looking Forward: A Resilient Urban Environment • National Urban Policy development on decentralized urban growth and management incorporating climate change and disaster risk • Create adequate employments and related facilities for the potential Internally Displaced People (IDPs): in and around rural regions (i.e. migrant’s home of origin) • Develop small and medium size ( satellite) towns with adequate economic opportunities • Strengthen local government institutes with devolution of power and create metropolitan government for Mega cities • Adequate habitat and utility services for the IDPs and emergency Management (flood, severe storm, earthquake) • Low carbon urban economy /Clean development Mechanism (CDM)/country gaining from carbon trading • Prepare and implement climate resilient action plan at the local level urban planning with adequate resources to retard rural-urban migration • Campaign for establishing a Green City by reducing carbon footprint

33. Thank You

34. CityLinks Questions? • Contact Laura Hagg at lhagg@icma.org or visit the CityLinks website: icma.org/citylinks. • Access our climate resources at Knowledge Network –Climate Preparedness, Adaptation and Resilience Group - located here http://icma.org/en/icma/knowledge_network/groups/kn/Group/1331/Climate_Preparedness_Adaptation__Resilience • Climate Leadership Academy: http://icma.org/en/cl/blogs/blogpost/1430/CityLinks_Addresses_Climate_Change_in_Asia