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A. Lezama

Quantum fluctuations in the light transmitted through an atomic vapor. A. Lezama Instituto de Física, Facultad de Ingeniería, Casilla de Correo 30, 11000, Montevideo, Uruguay. Outline:. Background Renewed interest Numerical calculation Back to experiments Future. L. Laser beam

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A. Lezama

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  1. Quantum fluctuations in the light transmitted through an atomic vapor. A. Lezama Instituto de Física, Facultad de Ingeniería, Casilla de Correo 30, 11000, Montevideo, Uruguay

  2. Outline: • Background • Renewed interest • Numerical calculation • Back to experiments • Future

  3. L Laser beam (fluctuating) Transmitted field (modified fluctuations) atoms e Δ 0 , Ω0 g I. Background. Early predictions and experiments Walls and Zoller (1981) Mandel (1982) M. Collett, D. Walls, P. Zoller (1984) Heidmann and Reynaud (1985) --------------------------------------- S.-T. Ho, P. Kumar, J. H. Shapiro (1987) S. Ho, N. Wong, J. Shapiro (1991)

  4. Squeezing via polarization self-rotation (PSR) A.B. Matsko et al, Phys. Rev. A 66, 043815 (2002)

  5. A.B. Matsko et al, Phys Rev. A 66, 043815 (2002)

  6. from Ries et al Phys. Rev. A 68, 025801 (2003)‏

  7. J. Ries, B. Brezger, A. I. Lvovsky (2003) 87Rb D2 line ω = 5 MHz Controversy… M. T. L. Hsu, G. Hétet, A. Peng, C. C. Harb, H.-A. Bachor, M. T. Johnsson, J. J. Hope, P. K. Lam, A. Dantan, J. Cviklinski, A. Bramati, M. Pinard (2006) E.E. Mikhailov, I. Novikova, Opt. Lett. 33, 1213 (2008) 87Rb + 2.5 torr Ne D1 line ω = 1.2 MHz Vacuum squeezing via polarization self-rotation

  8. Fe=2 noise analysis vacuum x L Fg=1 W1 y W2 z atoms noise analysis laser P2 P1 B Realistic modelling Arbitrary atomic level angular momenta Free choice of incident polarization Quadrature noise analysis on arbitrary output polarization Optically thick medium Longitudinal magnetic field

  9. Linearization: Calculation outline [based upon A. Dantan and M. Pinard, Phys. Rev. A 69, 043810 (2005)] Evolution: Maxwell & Heisenbeg-Langevin equations

  10. Mean atomic response Quantum atomic fluctuations Cooperativity parameter See details in Lezama et al. Phys. Rev. A 77, 013806 (2008)

  11. noise analysis x L y z atoms noise analysis laser

  12. Amplitude Phase C Ω ω Ω Ω Results Pure two-level system

  13. Total noise Semiclassical Quantum atomic fluctuations

  14. X amplitude X phase Y amplitude Y phase Four level system X amplitude X phase Y amplitude Y phase Open three-level system

  15. X amplitude X phase Y amplitude Y phase Multilevel system

  16. 1 → 2 2 → 2 1 → 1 2 → 1 +1 -1 0 +1 -1 0 Back to experiments E.E. Mikhailov, I. Novikova, Opt. Lett. 33, 1213 (2008)

  17. e2 e1 g 795 nm

  18. S.M. Rochester et al, Phys. Rev. A 63, 043814 (2003)

  19. 1 → 2 1 → 1 S.M. Rochester et al, Phys. Rev. A 63, 043814 (2003)

  20. “Vacuum squeezing via polarization self-rotation and excess noise in hot Rb vapors” E.E. Mikhailov, A. Lezama, T. Noel, and I. Novikova, J. Mod. Opt. (2009).

  21. e2 +1 -2 -1 0 +2 e1 +1 -1 0 +1 -1 0 + -

  22. F=2→1 F=2→2 Noise frequency 0.2Γ

  23. e2 e1 Δ2 ωL - +

  24. Current issues: • Parameter optimization • Theory improvement • Optical pumping effects • Buffer gas collisions • Radiative quenching Conclusions: • Squeezing via PSR is possible in atomic vapor under suitable conditions. • Non-resonant transitions play a key role • Low frequency noise squeezing due to differential AC Stark shift • Resonant transitions between dressed levels are responsible for excess noise

  25. Acknowledgments H. Failache S. Barreiro P. Valente P. Nussenzveig M. Martinelli I. Novikova E. Mikhailov Comments and discussions: Montevideo P. Barberis N. Zagury L. Davidovich São Paulo Williamsburg

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