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The Ancient Egyptians

The Ancient Egyptians. Small farming villages appeared in Egypt as far back as 5,000 B.C. Eventually a great civilization would be formed. What were the favorable geographic conditions that attracted people to this region?. 1. The Nile River. The Fertile Nile Valley.

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The Ancient Egyptians

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  1. The Ancient Egyptians

  2. Small farming villages appeared in Egypt as far back as 5,000 B.C. • Eventually a great civilization would be formed. • What were the favorable geographic conditions that attracted people to this region?

  3. 1. The Nile River

  4. The Fertile Nile Valley

  5. The Annual Flooding of the Nile

  6. 1. Natural barriers for protection • Deserts • Mountains • Cataracts • Seas

  7. 2. Sunny frost-free climate

  8. Government • The most powerful person in ancient Egypt was the pharaoh(king). • The pharaoh governed as an absolute ruler and he owned all the land, made laws, controlled irrigation and grain supplies, and commanded the army. • The pharaoh was considered a god. • Egypt was a monarchy-a system of government in which power is inherited

  9. Old Kingdom (2660-2180 BC) capital city: Memphis Pharaohs regarded as go gods (theocracy) Nobles and priests assisted the Pharaoh

  10. Egyptian Social Hierarchy

  11. Old Kingdom=Age of Pyramids

  12. Pyramid facts: • Built as tombs for the Pharaohs • About 118 pyramids have been identified. • All are located on the west bank of the Nile River. • The largest pyramids are located at Giza. • Geometry was developed to build the pyramids and the calendar with 365 days.

  13. Step Pyramid of Djoser

  14. The first pyramid

  15. “Bent” Pyramid of King Sneferu

  16. Giza Pyramid Complex

  17. The Great Sphinx at Giza

  18. Hieroglyphic Writing

  19. Hieroglyphics • Egyptians began to form a pictographic written language about 5,000 years ago. • It would be in use for more than 3,500 years (until about 400AD) • Symbols known as hieroglyphs or “sacred inscriptions” were used • By the end of the Roman Empire, nobody on earth could understand the ancient hieroglyphs. It remained this way until the 1820’s. • What discovery allowed us to “rediscover” this ancient writing form?

  20. Champollion & the Rosetta Stone

  21. What plant is this?

  22. Papyrus • Found along the Nile River, this plant is the origin of our word “paper”. • The Egyptians would record their history, literature, mathematics, scientific knowledge and government records.

  23. Egyptian Scribe

  24. Religion • Polytheistic – over 2,000 gods • Among the most important were Ra (sun god), Horus (god of light), Isis (ideal matron), and Osiris (god of the dead) • They had an extensive belief in the afterlife. • Bodies were preserved for the afterlife by the mummification process.

  25. Ra (Sun God)

  26. Egyptian Gods & Goddesses:“The Sacred ‘Trinity’” Osiris Isis Horus

  27. Preparations for the Underworld ANUBIS weighs the dead person’s heart against a feather. Priests protected your KA, or soul-spirit

  28. Materials Used in Mummification 1. Linen 6. Natron2. Sawdust 7. Onion3. Lichen 8. Nile Mud4. Beeswax 9. Linen Pads5. Resin 10. Frankincense

  29. Preparation for the Afterlife

  30. Egyptian Mummies Ramses II1279-1212 B. C. E. Seti I1291-1278 B. C. E. Queen Tiye, wife of Amenhotep II1210-1200 B. C. E.

  31. Curse of the Mummy • Death shall come on swift wings to him who disturbs the peace of the king. – • Supposedly engraved on the exterior of King Tutankhamen’s Tomb

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