Why do you think the world changed from 1450 to 1750?

1. Why do you think the world changed from 1450 to 1750? (Think about what events might have contributed to this change?)

2. Why the world changed between 1450 & 1750

3. World trade routes, 1400s

4. World trade routes, 1400s Where were the trade routes mostly located? • Silk Roads!!! • Trans-Saharan = Ghana, Mali, Songhai - gold & salt • Mediterranean Sea • Indian Ocean Complex

5. World trade routes, 1650-1750

6. World trade routes, 1650-1750 Where were the trade routes mostly located? • Trans-Atlantic Trade!!! • to the Americas & also around Africa

7. Political map of the world ~1453

8. Political map of the world ~1453 What empires held the most power? • Ming Dynasty in China • Ottoman Empire in Middle East

9. Political map of the world ~1750

10. Political map of the world ~1750 What empires held the most power? • Spain • Portugal • France • England

11. brief review of European history

12. Roman Empire Map at the height of the Roman Empire What problems existed in the Roman Empire?

13. Western & Eastern Roman Empire • 285CE Diocletian splits empire in two • The capitals are Rome & Constantinople • What happened next?

14. 476CE fall of the West • East becomes Byzantine Empire • Lasts for 1,000 years • What happened next? Byzantine Empire

15. Ottoman empire map

16. Fall of Constantinople in 1453 & ottoman control of middle eastern trade • Byzantine Empire (former Eastern Roman Empire) lasted 1,000 years • Byzantine capital was Constantinople, which was a major center of trade – crossroads of continents • Ottoman Turks had gun powder & used cannons to seize Constantinople in 1453 • Ottoman’s rename the city Istanbul

17. Fall of Constantinople in 1453 & ottoman control of middle eastern trade  EFFECTS on world trade & political power • Europeans blocked from overland trade routes to Asia & need to find a new way • Ottomans control trade & have the political power

18. The Silk Roads

19. Spread of tech from china, India, & middle east to Europe • Chinese developed the printing press, gunpowder, navigation equipment • Chinese traded extensively & Zheng He explored • India developed the use of zero, decimals, algebra • Middle East developed medicine, astronomy, weaponization of gun powder, triangular sail • These ideas and products spread on the Silk Roads to Europe

20. Spread of tech from china, India, & middle east to Europe  EFFECTS on world trade & political power • The technology will lead to greater sea exploration • Europeans will learn & then create better maps & ships

21. 13th century siege of Jerusalem

22. European interest in spices and other goods from Asia • European desire for goods from Asia increased • The Crusades were an attempt by European Christians to regain the Holy Land from the Islamic Empire and they began as early as 1095 • Marco Polo’s book, about his adventures in Asia and with the Mongol Empire, became popular in Europe

23. European interest in spices and other goods from Asia  EFFECTS on world trade & political power • This is the incentive to look for & to control new trade routes

24. Increased trade prices map

25. Middle eastern merchants raise prices on goods from Asia • South East Asia was the source of most of the spices that Europeans desired • When the Mongol Empire collapsed (kept the Silk Roads running smoothly), local rulers imposed new taxes on merchants • Merchants raised the prices of spices, so they could make a profit

26. Middle eastern merchants raise prices on goods from Asia  EFFECTS on world trade & political power • Europeans don’t want to pay the high prices on goods, so they must find a new trade route to get the goods directly

27. European age of exploration 15th – 17th centuries

28. European age of exploration • Italians dominated trade on the Mediterranean Sea • Portugal looking for a water route to Asian trade around the Ottoman controlled area • Vasco Da Gama voyages around Africa to India (1497-1499) • Columbus sails for Spain to look for a water route to India & access to Asian trade

29. European Age of Exploration  EFFECTS on world trade & political power • Portugal finds trade route around Africa & set up trading bases on the coast • Portugal is dominating in Europe, leads to competition with Spain & rest of Europe

30. Columbian exchange

31. The Encounter & the Columbian exchange (beginning in 1492) • Columbus believes he found a route to India, (lands in the Americas) so Spain funds more voyages • Columbian exchange = exchange of goods, foods, animals, ideas, people, & diseases, between the old world & the new world • Diseases killed off Native American populations • Start of the slave trade to have workers to replace Natives (1526 first slave voyage to Brazil)

32. The Encounter & the Columbian exchange (beginning in 1492)  EFFECTS on world trade & political power • The shift to Spain dominating in Europe because they control the Trans-Atlantic trade

33. Colonization of the Americas

34. Colonization of the Americas by Spanish, Portuguese, etc. • Diseases allow Europeans to dominate & conquer • Cortez conquers the Aztecs • Pizzaro conquers the Incas • Treaty of Tordesillas 1494 divided trading & colonizing rights between Spain & Portugal • Other European nations will follow in colonizing • Mercantilism – an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth & power by obtaining large amounts of gold & silver and by selling more goods (exports) than they bought (imports)

35. Colonization of the Americas by Spanish, Portuguese, etc.  EFFECTS on world trade & political power • Europeans focus on trade with the Americas • Dominate & control trade when they colonize (claim land) • Maritime empire building • Mercantilist system benefits the mother countries, more money to colonize

36. Exit ticket: Summarize WHY the world changed from 1450 to 1750.