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Environments and Primary Productivity

Environments and Primary Productivity. Environments. Pelagic ……the water Neritic – over continental shelf Oceanic Epipelagic: down to 200 m Mesopelagic: 200-1000 m Bathypelagic: 1000-4000 m Benthic …..the bottom. Neritic. 200 m. Oceanic. Epipelagic Mesopelagic Bathypelagic. 200 m.

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Environments and Primary Productivity

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  1. Environments and Primary Productivity

  2. Environments • Pelagic……the water • Neritic – over continental shelf • Oceanic • Epipelagic: down to 200 m • Mesopelagic: 200-1000 m • Bathypelagic: 1000-4000 m • Benthic…..the bottom

  3. Neritic 200 m

  4. Oceanic Epipelagic Mesopelagic Bathypelagic 200 m 1000 m 4000 m

  5. Light zones in ocean • Photic • Light for photosynthesis • Usually 0-100 m • Aphotic • Without light • Deeper than 1000 m

  6. Benthic Environment • Similar zones as pelagic • Omit details and new names

  7. Making a living in the ocean • Primary productivity, respiration, decomposition • Depth zone differences • Differences between “climate” zones • Food chains and food webs

  8. Primary productivity • Photosynthesis carbon dioxide + water sugar + oxygen • Chemosynthesis hydrogen sulfide + water + oxygen + carbon dioxide sugar + sulfuric acid

  9. Primary productivity: rate at which biomass is produced by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis

  10. Respiration and decay • Basically the opposite of photosynthesis • Releases nutrients back into the ocean • Uses oxygen (consider other sources of oxygen to the ocean)

  11. Oxygen with depth (red) Nutrients with depth ( green) Relate pattern to photosynthesis, respiration, decay and other processes

  12. Example of primary producers • Algae • Diatoms • Coccolithophores • Dinoflagellates • Basis of food webs and ecosystems

  13. Variations in productivity verses latitude • Photic zone important for photosynthesis • Some areas of ocean are light limited, some are nutrient limited, some are both • Pictures can tell the story of relationships • Polar region • Equatorial region • Temperate region of ocean

  14. Global ocean productivity: What causes this pattern?

  15. Food webs and chains

  16. Efficiency of energy transfer:Relate to number of trophic levels Upwelling region Open ocean Coastal region

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