DICTION 5.0 & PCAD 2000

1. DICTION 5.0 & PCAD 2000

2. Diction 5.0

3. About Diction • DICTION 5.0 is distributed by   • Roderick P. Hart, Dean of the College of Communication at The University of Texas at Austin • Craig Carroll, an assistant professor in the School of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. • The Diction Website lists over 200 recent scholarly research articles employing Diction • http://www.dictionsoftware.com/index.php

4. About Diction • Free Demo Available • Pricing: • Standard Version – $179.00 • Academic Version – $129.00 • Exporting Diction Data • Output can be exported to both SPSS and Excel

5. The Normative Range(s) • Over 20,000 texts analyzed by Diction • From various text types • The normative range for a given variable changes based upon which of the 6 topics and 36 subtypes is selected. • 6 topics - Business, Daily Life, Entertainment, Journalism, Literature, Politics, and Scholarship

6. The Calculated Variables • Insistence Score • Words expressed three or more times by the speaker • Embellishment • Ratio of descriptive words (e.g., adjectives) to functional words • Don't have specific independent meaning (content) but that serve as the glue that holds a sentence together - articles, pronouns, conjunctions, auxiliary verbs, particles, expletives • Variety • Measure of linguistic dispersion • Complexity • Measure of word size

7. Diction Master Variables • Certainty - Language indicating resoluteness, inflexibility, and completeness and a tendency to speak ex cathedra. • Activity - Language featuring movement, change, the implementation of ideas and the avoidance of inertia. • Optimism - Language endorsing some person, group, concept or event, or highlighting their positive entailments. • Realism - Language describing tangible, immediate, recognizable matters that affect people's everyday lives. • Commonality - Language highlighting the agreed-upon values of a group and rejecting idiosyncratic modes of engagement.

8. Diction Home Screen To begin a new project click the “File” tab and “New”

9. A New Project in Diction The new project window will open up

10. Adding Files to New Project Click on the “Add File” button which will open the file finder

11. Project With Files Loaded

12. Modifying Norm Values With files selected click on “View Tab” and “Norm Values”

13. Modifying Norm Values 6 Topics Subtypes

14. Diction Output Files Output Matrix

15. Attempting to Copy Output Data Not Possible!!!

16. Opening a File in SPSS When you open SPSS you will see this Screen. Click “open an existing data source” then “OK”

17. Opening a File in SPSS Locate you Diction data ….. then open it Default is C:\Program Files\Diction\Data – Research.dat

18. Opening a File in SPSS Select “no” then click “Next”

19. Opening a File In SPSS Click “Delimited” then “No” then “Next”

20. Opening a File in SPSS Make sure “Each line represents a case” and “All of the cases” are selected and then click “Next”

21. Opening a File in SPSS Select “Comma” and “None” and unselect “Space” and click “Next”

22. Opening a File in SPSS Nothing to do here, just click “Next”

23. Opening a File in SPSS You have to option to save this format at this point.

24. Opening a File in SPSS Now your Data is in SPSS, but no names or labels.

25. Getting Your Variable Names Variable names are located in a Syntax file: C:\Program Files\Diction\Stats

26. Getting Your Variable Names Don’t attempt to use the syntax directions, instead remove all text (including directions) except variable names It goes all the way across

27. Getting Your Variable Names After you delete everything except variable names, form one large column of the variable names

28. Getting Your Variable Names Copy that list and paste it into your variable names under the “variable view” tab in SPSS

29. Getting Your Variable Names Voila! Now your variables have names and you can run all the analyses that you want

30. Political Speeches Selected the Top 10 speeches from the Top 100 political speeches as listed by American Rhetoric – Database which contains political, historical, and pop culture speeches. It contains text and mp3s of most of the modern speeches. http://www.americanrhetoric.com/newtop100speeches.htm Removed the Four Campaign & Inauguration speeches

31. The Select Speeches 1. MLK - “I Have a Dream” delivered August 28th 1963, at the Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C. 3. FRD – “Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation” delivered on December 8, 1941 to the US Congress and broadcast to the nation 6. Richard Nixon – “Checkers” delivered and broadcast live on television September 23rd, 1952 7. Malcolm X – “The Ballot or the Bullet” deliverApril 3rd, 1964 in Cleveland, Ohio

32. The Selected Speeches 8. Ronald Reagan – “The Challenger Tragedy Address” delivered and broadcast January 28th, 1986 10. LBJ – “Address to a Joint Session of Congress on Voting Legislation” AKA “We Shall Overcome” delivered March 15th, 1965, Washington, D.C.

33. An Example of the Texts

34. Basic Diction Output

35. Calculated Variables

36. Master Variables

37. PCAD 2000 Psychiatric Content Analysis and Diagnosis

38. PCAD 2000 • Content analyzes text input based on scales developed by Louis A Gottschalk and Goldine Gleser. • Gottschalk-Gleser content analysis scales were originally designed for human coding, beginning in the 1960’s. • PCAD was developed to reduce time lost due to human training and coding as well as eliminate issues of inter-coder reliability.

39. Gottschalk-Gleser Scales • Anxiety • Hostility Outward • Hostility Inward • Ambivalent Hostility • Social Alienation-Personal Disorganization • Cognitive Impairment • Hope • Depression • Health/Sickness • Human Relations • Achievement Strivings • Dependency Strivings • Quality of Life

40. Uses • Clinical • Quick first visit diagnostic • Accumulate samples from one individual over time to evaluate the effectiveness of regime being used • Research • Large collection of samples used for comparison of numerical scale outputs, not diagnosis

41. Input • Sample text can be elicited in an endless number of ways. Examples are: • content of psychotherapeutic interviews • an individual can be asked to report their feelings and attitudes towards another person or persons • the speaker may be asked to relate their angry or anxious experiences • speaker may be asked to report dreams.

42. Input • The “standard procedure” was used to determine the demographic norms • This procedure elicits a five minute sample based on a neutral question (“Tell me about an interesting life event”) • Normally produces about 500 words • Samples of 85-90 words are generally reliable

43. What you need • A .txt or .sam file containing at least 85-90 • Reliability and accuracy increase with sample size • A PC with PCAD 2000 installed

44. Opening screen

45. File  Open

46. Find directory  change *.SAM to *.TXT  click “Open”

47. Don’t do this

48. Or this happens

49. Select scales to analyze

50. File  Score