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Bioremediation: The current and the future

Bioremediation: The current and the future. Graeme Paton Technical Director, Remedios Diarmuid O’Sullivan Senior Environmental Consultant. Bioremediation.

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Bioremediation: The current and the future

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  1. Bioremediation:The current and the future Graeme Paton Technical Director, Remedios Diarmuid O’Sullivan Senior Environmental Consultant

  2. Bioremediation • “ The act of stimulating the metabolism or co-metabolism of contaminants in the natural environment. Can be ex-situ, in-situ or involve natural attenuation” • 6 months - 3 years (ex-situ usually quicker)

  3. Endoenzyme Exoenzyme ?? Extracellular enzymes Exoenzyme Endoenzyme Dimers Oxidation Monomers CO2 Cell ½ O2 H2O Decomposition of biopolymers

  4. Tool Kit • 3 components • Induction • Constraints • Community

  5. Induction • Catabolic biosensors enable a prediction of the bioavailability of the target molecule in that matrix • Hence if the genes for degradation are in the matrix, degradation is very likely

  6. Tool Kit • 3 components • Induction • Constraints • Community

  7. Procedure for lux-based assay 100 % % of the control luminescence 10 % Increasing toxicity

  8. Tool Kit • 3 components • Induction • Constraints • Community

  9. MPN- Tetrazolium Paton et al 2003

  10. Site Location- Oil spill 1

  11. Tool Kit- at oil spill Toxicity Induction mpn TPH

  12. Kuwait Oil Lake- Oil spill 2 • During the first Gulf war (1990-1991) 50 million tonnes of soil was contaminated • Air-borne oily material contaminated one thousand square kilometres of soil.

  13. Systematic Grid

  14. Can we predict? Bioremediation (f) [TPH] (f) availability (f) degraders (f) constraints Induction x [TPH] mpn x (1-EC) BF=

  15. Prediction Once all of the data have been integrated an estimation of the likely case for degradation can be made Iroegbu et al., 2003

  16. TPH Week 0 Week 15

  17. Prediction v Actual

  18. Prediction • There is a close relationship between the predicted value and the actual hydrocarbon concentration. • This could define the end-point • Regular monitoring confirmed the progress of this work • This has been extended to over twenty trials to assess the value of the data

  19. Prediction Max specific deg rate mg TPH/ day Bioremediation Factor

  20. Prediction Max specific deg rate mg TPH/ day Bioremediation Factor

  21. Gaswork Site- 10,000 tonnes

  22. Bulk chemical- 2,500 tonnes

  23. Coupling Technologies

  24. The Big Issues On four occasions we have been required to seed/ augment a biological treatment process. This is a growing issue and a commercial opportunity.

  25. Pre-condition Nutrients Inoc. Source Substrate 1, 2, 3, 4 Remedios Soil Solution Bioaugmentation Agents

  26. Examples of Data

  27. What does this mean? Oil Technics- cfu= 108; mpn- 107 Supplier 1- cfu= 106; mpn- 104 Supplier 2- cfu= 106; mpn- 105 Supplier 3- cfu= 104; mpn- 103 Oil Technics and precondition- cfu= 109; mpn- 107 Supplier 1 and precondition- cfu= 108; mpn- 105 Supplier 2 and precondition- cfu= 107; mpn- 106 Supplier 3 and precondition- cfu= 105; mpn- 103

  28. Respiration Respiration Days

  29. Degradation TPH Days

  30. Prediction Max specific deg rate mg TPH/ day Bioremediation Factor

  31. Prediction Max specific deg rate mg TPH/ day Bioremediation Factor

  32. What does this mean • Augmentation is possible • Steps are required to refine • Immobilisation of wood is not ideal • Cost issues and value of application need to be considered • Need to focus and develop the skill-base

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