English Settlements

1. English Settlements England Atlantic Ocean Your notes will be printed in yellow. Be sure to copy them down correctly.

2. Land for the Taking • The Queen of England heard that France and Spain were claiming land in the New World. • She didn’t want to be left out if there was treasure to be had. The Queen told explorer, Sir Walter Raleigh to start a colony. • Raleigh sent colonists to the eastern shores of the land on the Atlantic side. This was far away from the territory Spain had claimed and there were mountains between here and the French region. • The colony failed and the citizens were starving when they were found by English explorer, Sir Francis Drake. He brought them back home to England.

4. In 1587, John White led 117 colonists to Roanoke. John White, had an idea to get people to go to Roanoke Island. • To attract settlers, they could bring their families with them and invest in the colony. • Each settler would receive 500 acres of land and some view in the government of the colony. • John White brought 91 men, 17 women, and 9 children. • Considering how the first colony ended, was this a good idea? Give your opinion.

5. Mystery of Roanoke Island • In the spring of 1587, they set sail. When they got there they started repairing the old fort and the houses. • It was clear that White would have to go back and get more supplies in order for the colony to survive the winter. So several weeks later he went back to England.

6. White didn’t return for 3 years. • White was delayed back in England for three years because England was fighting a war with Spain. • All of England’s sailors and ships were needed to defeat the Spanish Armada.

7. Remember the Spanish Armada? Burn, Baby, Burn The Spanish Armada Burn, Baby, Burn Sir Francis Drake did it-uh oh Burn, Baby, Burn He destroyed the Spanish Burn, Baby, Burn The Queen, she loved it Uh-oh

8. White returned and the colony was deserted. • 3 years later White returned with the badly needed supplies. • White found no trace of the settlers; the entire colony of 117 men, women and children had vanished. • The only clues to their disappearance were the letters "CRO" carved on a tree near the fort and the word "Croatians" on a post.

9. What are some theories? • There are many possible explanations that help us understand what could have happened to the citizens of Roanoke Colony. • None have been proven. • Was it angry Natives? Starvation? Disease? The Spanish trying to get revenge for the Armada? Or did the Roanokians just move inland and migrate away from the island? • Think about what makes sense to you.

11. What is your theory? • Meet with a team that shares your idea. • Together, create a skit that demonstrates your theory. • You need to write down your lines on index cards so each person knows what to say (include stage direction) • You may make or borrow costumes for your skit • Be sure your skit has important information and is easy to understand. (Yes, this is for a grade)

12. EnglandTries Again

13. Jamestown • In April of 1607, and English business, the London Company, sent three ships to Virginia to look for gold and a passage that would go through the country to China and Japan. They were also to see if there were other ways to make money in this unknown country. • These explorers sailed up the James River and chose a spot they called Jamestown for their settlement.

14. John Smith • John Smith was named as a leader of the settlement. He was not very popular among the men because he had been disagreeable on the journey. In fact, the men on the ship had locked him in the belly of the ship. They planned to send him back to England on the return voyage. Now they would have to listen to his orders. • Did his reputation help him become a better leader? What is your opinion?

15. Problems in the Settlement • Jamestown was a terrible place for a settlement • Swampy • Lots of mosquitoes that carried malaria germs • The water wasn’t fit to drink • The men were lazy and constantly fought • Most were gentlemen and not used to hard labor • They were not farmers and didn’t know how to plant or tend to crops • Since the company paid salaries to the men, they didn’t have a reason to work hard. They would get paid whether they worked on the settlement or not.

16. Problems in the Settlement • The settlers have very bad Luck • Typhoid fever killed many of them • Dysentery killed some • Indians raids killed others • Some settlers starved Fewer than half of the original settlers survived one year.

17. John Smith to the Rescue • Smith was a tough leader. He worked hard and expected others to work hard as well. • Smith told the businessmen that if they didn’t do the chores to help the settlement survive, they would not be allowed to eat meals the work provided. • Smith said, “No Work – No Food!” and he stuck to this. After a few hungry days, everyone did their share of the work.

18. Pocahontas-No Disney Story • Pocahontas admired the way John Smith governed his settlement. • She visited the settlement often and sometimes brought food. • She saved John Smith’s life twice from disagreements with the Native Americans. • Pocahontas met John Rolfe and they married. They both went to England to learn more about this country she was so curious in. In England, she was known as Lady Rebecca.

19. Starving Time • John Smith was forced to return to England after a gunpowder accident that critically injured him. He would survive, but never return to Virginia. • In Jamestown, things were difficult. Fear of Indians kept the colonists inside the fort. • It was a very cold winter and they were forced to burn their buildings to keep warm. • New settlers who arrived in May found survivors that looked like skeletons and very few of the buildings were left. • They all decided to leave the settlement and return to England.

20. Lord de la Warr(What state is named after him?) • As the weary settlers prepared for their return home, Lord de la Warr sailed up the James River with 300 new settlers. He was to be the new governor. • Lord de la Warr soon had the settlement up and running again. He was able to begin some trade with the Indians. • Things were better, but many English settlers still died from disease. • New settlers came and new settlements were established.

21. Money is the Name of the Game • The London Company didn’t forget that the purpose of the Jamestown settlement was to make money. • Now that the settlement was better able to survive, the company put more pressure on the governor to make a profit and send it back to England. • The company was thinking of gold, but the gold they found was tobacco.

22. Tobacco • Smoking tobacco gained popularity in England after John Rolfe improved upon the taste. • The plant wouldn’t grow in England’s cool climate, but grew well in Virginia’s warm, humid, wet weather. • Tobacco farmers exported the dried leaves to England and made a fortune for the London Company.

23. Slavery comes to America • Tobacco takes a lot of land and a lot of work to grow. • Farmers needed lots of field hands if they were going to get rich from farming tobacco. • Many of the field hands were indentured servants who worked for 7 years in trade for passage to America, food, and a place to live. • After 7 years, they were free to leave the farm and look for work in other places.

24. In 1619, a Dutch ship brought a boatload of Africans to Jamestown. • The Africans were kidnapped from their homes and sold to a slave trader. The slave trader sold the slaves to the plantation owners. At first they were treated like indentured servants and were given their freedom after 7 years, but as the demand for and the price of tobacco increased, Africans were kept for longer periods of time.

25. Why were Africans chosen as slaves? • The Colonists first tried to use captured Native Americans to work in the tobacco fields. • Since this was home to the Indians, it was easy for them to run away. • Many Indians were unaccustomed to working long hours in the hot sun, and many died from exhaustion. • The Africans were in a strange place. It was harder for them to run away. • The Africans could tolerate the long, hard work in the sun.

26. Pilgrim’s Progress? • Pilgrims are people who travel to a holy place or for religious reasons. • Separatists are people who criticized the way the King of England was changing the Church of England. Because they were critical of their King, the Separatists were punished for their beliefs. Many of them fled to the Netherlands, but they didn’t want to become part of Dutch society – they were English. They sailed to America on the Mayflower. • Hearing about the colonies, these Pilgrims hoped for an English way of life and the freedom to practice religion their way.

27. Plymouth Colony • The Pilgrims landed and called the settlement Plymouth. • The new colony needed a government. Before they were even off the ship, they wrote the Mayflower Compact.

28. The First Deadly Year • It was late December 1620 when the Pilgrims landed in Plymouth. This made it very difficult to build shelter and find food. • By Spring, about half of the original 102 colonists had died. • During that winter, the colonists met a Native American named Squanto. He could speak English because he had been captured and sold into slavery in Spain. English friends helped him escape and return home. • Squanto helped the Pilgrims make a peace treaty with the local Wampanoag Indians and their leader Massasoit.

29. Spring Comes At Last Squanto first aided the starving Pilgrims at Plymouth Colony in 1621, teaching them basic fishing and agriculture. A year later, Squanto became ill and died while guiding members of the new Massachusetts government around Cape Cod.

30. Research Ideas • Write a biography on: • Squanto • Massasoit • Write a research paper on Squanto’s farming techniques. • Write an expository paper on the first winter at Plymouth Colony (also called Plimoth Plantation)

31. The Puritans • Back in England the Puritans were being imprisoned and punished. Their religion was different from the one the King had ordered all citizens to follow. • The Puritans decided to go to America and create a model community based on the laws of the Bible. They hoped other colonies would copy their way of life.

32. Massachusetts Bay Colony • The Puritans studied other colonies and prepared well for their journey. For months, John Winthrop gathered ships, settlers, supplies, and equipment.¹ • In June of 1630, ten years after the Pilgrims, the Puritans arrived at Massachusetts Bay, a large, sheltered harbor. The settlement of Boston was located just north of Plymouth. 1. Build Our Nation, Vol.1, p.139

33. More Puritans Arrive • During the next 10 years, about 15,000 Puritans arrived. They formed other towns outside of Boston. • John Winthrop's “model community” his “city on a hill” was on its way to becoming a roaring success. English settlers were in New England to stay.