Cities and Green Growth OECD Green Cities Programme

1. Cities and Green GrowthOECD Green Cities Programme Regions for Economic Change Conference 24 June 2011 | Brussels Marissa Plouin OECD

2. The logic of city scale action Correlation between per capita CO2 emissions in transport and density in predominantly urban areas • Economic role of cities • Negativeexternalities • Contribution to climate change • Vulnerability to climate change impacts  Opportunities for synergies

3. 2010 Urban Roundtable of Mayors and Ministers www.oecd.org/urban/2010roundtable Roundtable responded to a call for an evaluation of urban green growth policies to determine best practices, concluding: • Urban green growth policies can contribute to national competitiveness outcomes • Strategies are requiring significant up-front investments and long-term financial mechanisms • Need to bridge gap between national and urban approaches to green growth • Indicators are needed to measure their impact

4. OECD Green Cities Programme • Development of urbangreen growth indicators • Thematic working papers and reports • Case studies to assess policy impacts on green growth • Technical workshops and political meetings • A synthesis report on Cities and Green Growth

5. The conceptual framework | Part I What do we mean by green growth? Definitions and desirable scenarios

6. Defining green growth Green growth means fostering economic growth and development while ensuring that the quality and quantity of natural assets can continue to provide the resources and ecosystem services on which our well-being relies. To do this, it must catalyze investment, competition and innovation which will underpin sustained growth and give rise to new economic opportunities. OECD Green Growth Strategy, 2011

7. Green growth and sustainable development

8. Alternative green growth scenarios Scenario 2 – Green Sectoral Growth Scenario 3 – Economic Greening Scenario 1 – No Impact Scenario 6 – Economic Stagnation/De-Growth Scenario 4 – Multi-Sectoral Growth Scenario 5 – Displacement

9. The conceptual framework | Part II A proposal for a policy framework

10. A policy framework for an urban green growth agenda Pro-growth policies Goals & values Socio-technical resources Greening challenges and opportunities Policy levers Policy jurisdiction

11. A policyframework for an urban green growth agenda

12. Green growth policy synergies:example of transport and mobility

13. The conceptual framework | Part III Challenges to advancing an urban green growth agenda

14. Limits to the urban green growth agenda • Risk of a zero-sum game among cities? Some urban economies may grow a great deal while other could shrink. • Cities are not equal: baseline variables

15. Gaps in multi-level governance

16. Measuring and monitoring green growth • Methodological challenges of developing green growth indicators, particularly at the sub-national level • Builds on OECD efforts to develop metrics that go beyond GDP to measure societal well-being (Measuring Progress) and assess green growth (OECD Green Growth Strategy) • Currently expanding the Metropolitan Database to include four classes of environmental indicators: • residential density and sprawl • land use and change in land cover • transport use and travel time • urban emissions and air quality

17. Financing green growth • Fees and charges • Transportation • Development • Energy • Local cap-and-trade • Carbon offsets • Public-private partnerships

18. National policies and frameworks matter • National pricing signals, e.g. carbon taxes • National targets and incentives • Greening urban finance • Technical assistance and knowledge sharing