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Ch 12 Alcohols, Ether, Thiols

Ch 12 Alcohols, Ether, Thiols. Naming and Properties. Molecules and Functional Groups containing oxygen and sulfur. have a bent shape (like water) are polar - therefore soluble in water form H-bonds. Alcohol Naming -OH.

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Ch 12 Alcohols, Ether, Thiols

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  1. Ch 12 Alcohols, Ether, Thiols Naming and Properties

  2. Molecules and Functional Groups containing oxygen and sulfur • have a bent shape (like water) • are polar - therefore soluble in water • form H-bonds

  3. Alcohol Naming -OH 5 4 3 2 H3C -CH2- CH2 –CH- CH2-CH3 1 CH2-OH • Find longest C-chain containing -OH group. • Name: drop the ‘e’ replace with ‘-ol’ (pentanol) 3. Number: –OH is attached to lowest C number 4. Name: location-alkan-ol: 1-pentanol 5. Locate/list other substituents in front 2-ethyl-1-pentanol

  4. Multiple Hydroxyls (-OH) • Include Carbon number • add –di, -tri, -tetra….ol 1,2-propandiol 1,1-propandiol

  5. Hydroxyls on alkenes/ynes • OH group location overrules double/triple bond • Add at the end of the molecule • Cis-2-butene-1,4-diol

  6. Classification of Alcohols: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary -OH attached to carbon with two other carbon and one H -OH attached to carbon with one other carbon and two H -OH attached to carbon with three other carbon and no H

  7. Thiols -SH • Number carbon chain, thiol is lowest number • Name: location-alkanethiol (1-propanethiol) • multiple: locations- alkanedithiol, -trithiol 1-propanethiol 2-methyl-1-propanethiol 2- propanethiol

  8. Thiols on Alkenes Thiol needs lowest carbon numbering Name: location-alkene-location-thiol Example: 2-propene-1-thiol

  9. Ether Naming C-O-C • Carbon chains on either side of ether are named alkyls according to length followed by ether • List alphabetically or use di-, tri- if identical diethyl ether ethyl phenyl ether ethyl methyl ether

  10. Properties of Alcohols alkane chain non-polar alcohol group polar forms H-bonds

  11. Solubility • With increasing alkane chain, solubility in water decreases • Balance between length of HC and number of –OH • Tip – with 4 or fewer C it is soluble, 5 or more, not very soluble

  12. Solubility Ethers are more soluble than alkanes, but not as soluble as alcohols Phenols are soluble in water because of –OH

  13. Comparison of MP and BP • The more polar the molecule the higher the Melting Point and Boiling Point

  14. Homework Pg 390 12.2 – 12.12 even Pg 394 12.14 and 12.16

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