Lecture 6: Optometry at an- najah university

1. Liana Al-Labadi, O.D. Lecture 6: Optometry at an-najah university

2. Optometric terms • Astigmatism : • A condition in which the cornea's curvature is asymmetrical (the eye is shaped like a football or egg instead of a baseball); light rays are focused at two points on the retina rather than one, resulting in blurred vision. Additional symptoms include distorted vision, eyestrain, shadows on letters, squinting and double vision • Anisometropia : • A condition where the eyes have a significantly different refractive power from each other, so the prescription required for good vision will be different for each eye. • Amblyopia - Also called lazy eye. • Undeveloped central vision in one eye that leads to the use of the other eye as the dominant eye. Strabismus is the leading cause, followed by anisometropia. • There are no symptoms. The patient may be found squinting and closing one eye to see; there may be unrecognized blurred vision in one eye and vision loss. http://www.opted.org/files/public/Eyes_Have_it_Career_Guide_-_FINAL_02_10.pdf

3. Optometric terms • Refraction: • The test performed during an eye exam to determine the eyeglass lens powers needed for optimum visual acuity. • An automated refraction uses an instrument that does not require the patient to respond. • A manifest refraction is the manual way to determine the best lenses, by placing various lenses in front of the patient's eyes and asking, "Which is better, lens 1 or lens 2?“ • Strabismus : • A misalignment of the eyes • The eyes don't point at the same object together. Crossed eyes (esotropia) are one type of strabismus; "wall-eyes" (exotropia) are another. • The exact cause is unknown, but appears to be a problem with the eye muscles. • Strabismus can affect depth perception. http://www.opted.org/files/public/Eyes_Have_it_Career_Guide_-_FINAL_02_10.pdf

4. Optometric terms • Prescription lenses : • Lenses that provide vision correction as prescribed by an eye care practitioner. • Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA): • The best vision you can achieve with correction (such as glasses), as measured on the standard Snellen eye chart. • For example, if your uncorrected eyesight is 6/60, but you can see 6/6 with glasses, your BCVA is 6/6

5. Optometric terms • Diopter: • Unit of measure for the refractive (light-bending) power of a lens • eye care practitioners use it in eyeglass and contact lens prescriptions • A negative number refers to nearsightedness; a positive number, farsightedness. • For example, someone with -8.00 diopter lenses is very nearsighted, while someone with +0.75 diopter lenses is only slightly farsighted. • Phakic: • An eye that still has its natural lens. • When an eye is aphakic, usually the lens has been removed during cataract or other eye surgery.

6. Optometric terms • Cataract: • Clouding of the natural lens of the eye • Usually caused by: • Aging – most likely cause • Other risk factors: • Exposure to the sun's UV rays • Smoking • Steroid intake • Diabetes. • Symptoms include blurred vision, glare, halos around lights, colors that are less bright, a cloudy spot in your vision and, sometimes, temporary vision improvement. • Intraocular lens (IOL) • Artificial lens that a cataract surgeon places in a patient's eye after removing the eye's natural lens. • Like a contact lens, it has a built-in refractive power tailored specifically to the patient's visual condition. http://www.opted.org/files/public/Eyes_Have_it_Career_Guide_-_FINAL_02_10.pdf

7. Optometric terms • Low vision • Also called partial sight. • Sight that cannot be satisfactorily corrected with glasses, contacts, or surgery. • Low vision usually results from an eye disease such as glaucoma or macular degeneration. • Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) • Disorder characterized by changes in the eye's macula that result in the gradual loss of central vision. • The exact cause is unknown, but appears to be related to a genetic predisposition, smoking and several other risk factors. • Central vision may be blurred, distorted or shadowy before vision loss occurs. http://www.opted.org/files/public/Eyes_Have_it_Career_Guide_-_FINAL_02_10.pdf

8. Optometric terms • Intraocular pressure (IOP): • Eye pressure, as determined by the amount of aqueous humor filling it. • High IOP (ocular hypertension) can be a sign of glaucoma • Diabetic retinopathy • Leaking of retinal blood vessels in advanced or long-term diabetes, affecting the macula or retina. • Most people have no symptoms at first, but can develop blurred near vision, double vision, floaters, and retinal/vitreous hemorrhages. • In later stages, you can also suffer vision loss.

9. Optometry Faculty • In responding to the needs of the Palestinian people, An-Najah National University added the Faculty of Optometry to it 19 existing Faculties in 2004 • Today the Faculty has 90 students • It is the only Faculty of Optometry in Palestine and is a full member at the World ld Council of Optometry

10. Optometry Faculty http://www.najah.edu/page/626

11. Optometry Faculty http://www.najah.edu/page/626

12. Program Goals • Goals: • Offer a professional scientific education in Optometry for the students of Palestine. • Offer a scientific and educational environment for researchers in Optometry. • Offer a base to develop academic and professional experiences in Optometry. • Offer medical treatment to patients in Palestine. • Improve a professional and academic level of workers in the field of Optometry.

13. Advisory Plan • At the end of the program, the students will receive a Bachelor of Science Degree in Optometry • Graduation requirements for the BSc. Degree in optometry: • The students have to complete 159 credit hours distributed as follows: • 20 credit hours compulsory elective courses • 6 University credit hours elective courses • 133 credit hours Faculty requirements http://www.najah.edu/page/1360

14. Advisory Plan http://www.najah.edu/page/1360

15. Advisory Plan http://www.najah.edu/page/1360

16. Advisory Plan http://www.najah.edu/page/1360

17. Advisory Plan http://www.najah.edu/page/1360

18. Academic Staff • Dean: • Dr. Anwar Dudin • Dean of the Medical School • Assistant Professors: • Dr. KhereyahFakhriEbraheem Al-kharoof • PHD in Vision Science from UK • She now serves as the President Assistant for International Affairs • Dr. Liana Mohammed AbdulllahLabadi • Doctor of Optometry • Dr. Mazen Mohammad Ali MahfoothKhowaira • Doctor of Medicine- Ophthalmology • Medical degree from Al-Quds University; Residency from Jordan University

19. Academic Staff • Visiting Professors: • Professor Adel Khudarieh • Bachelor of Optometry degree from UK • New Professors: • Dr. Mohammad Shehadeh • Doctor of Medicine- Ophthalmology • Medical degree from Al-Quds University; Residency from Jordan University • Dr. Mohammad Aqawi • Doctor of Medicine- Ophthalmology • Medical degree from Al-Quds University; Residency from Jordan University

20. Optometric terms • Accommodation : • Eye's ability to automatically change focus from seeing at one distance to seeing at another. • Binocular vision: • Ability of both eyes to work together to achieve proper focus, depth perception and range of vision • Diplopia: • Also called double vision. • When two images of the same object are perceived by one or both eyes. • i.e. when someone sees two instead of one http://www.opted.org/files/public/Eyes_Have_it_Career_Guide_-_FINAL_02_10.pdf

21. Optometric terms • Single vision: • A lens that has the same power throughout the entire lens, in contrast to a bifocal or multifocal lens that has more than one lens power. • Reading glasses : • Also called readers. • Glasses to help with close work, particularly for people who are presbyopic • Multifocal: • Type of spectacle lens, IOL, or contact lens design that includes more than one area through which the eye focuses. • Examples are bifocals or trifocals. • This enables sight at multiple distances, typically for people with presbyopia • Bifocal: • Lens with one segment for near vision and one segment for far vision. • Can apply to both spectacle lenses and contact lenses • Progressive lenses : • Also called progressive addition lenses or PALs. • Multifocal lenses whose corrective powers change progressively throughout the lens. • A wearer looks through one portion of the lens for distance vision, another for intermediate vision, and a third portion for reading or close work. • Each area is blended invisibly into the next, without the lines that traditional bifocals • Trifocal: • Similar to PALs but with visible lines on the glasses http://www.opted.org/files/public/Eyes_Have_it_Career_Guide_-_FINAL_02_10.pdf

22. Optometric terms • Peripheral vision: • The edges of your visual field. • Refractive surgery: • Surgery that corrects visual acuity, with the objective of reducing or eliminating the need for glasses and contacts. • Includes radial keratotomy, PRK, LASIK, and corneal implants. • Soft contact lenses : • Contacts made of gel-like plastic containing varying amounts of water. • RGP (Rigid Gas Permeable): • Type of contact lens made of breathable plastic that is custom-fit to the shape of the cornea. • RGPs are the successor to old-fashioned hard lenses, which are now virtually obsolete. • Toric: • A lens design with two different optical powers at right angles to each other for the correction of astigmatism. http://www.opted.org/files/public/Eyes_Have_it_Career_Guide_-_FINAL_02_10.pdf