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STANDARDS OF LIVING CHAPTER 12

STANDARDS OF LIVING CHAPTER 12. WHAT ARE LIVING STANDARDS/STANDARDS OF LIVING:. Measured in income people earn, health, levels of nutrition, life expectancy , literacy, and the status of women and children.

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STANDARDS OF LIVING CHAPTER 12

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  1. STANDARDS OF LIVING CHAPTER 12

  2. WHAT ARE LIVING STANDARDS/STANDARDS OF LIVING: • Measured in income people earn, health, levels of nutrition, life expectancy, literacy, andthe status of women and children. • United Nations Human development report ranks countries based on literacy, lifeexpectancy and per capita gross domestic product (number of goods and services produced in a country in one year. It is a poor tool of measurement, as there is wealth disparity in many countries)

  3. THE ISSUE IN DEVELOPING NATIONS:

  4. little to no infrastructure • lack of clean water - many open water sources are contaminated; rivers are used for washing and waste disposal as well as drinking; irrigation diverts water; many developing countries have a "dry" season. (cholera, typhoid, malaria) • soil degradation • Huge debt load (Highly indebted poor country)

  5. Cholera outbreak Typhoid rash

  6. Poor social safety net—welfare, healthcare, employment assistance .... • Malnutrition (lack of nutrients) • Focus on cash crops (rely on commodity market and face developed world subsidies)

  7. Multinational corporations taking money and resources from the developing world. • Unequal distribution of food and resources. • Inability to access food and resources –civil war, location... • Tied Aid

  8. Why women and children? • First victims of famine, disease, war, and other problems • Few, if any, educational opportunities • Exploited as child labour • Some trapped in the sex-trade • Women often have lower status than men • Women may have no legal rights • May have a legal system that allows them to be treated as property • Women may be killed to satisfy a family’s honour • Women often eat what is left over after the men finish  malnutrition

  9. Education a luxury often reserved for males • Only one-third of girls in rural areas go to school, only one-half the boys • Girls often kept at home to look after younger children • Girls marry young • Malnutrition • Diseases such as measles • Gastroenteritis – poor sanitation and lack of hygiene • Diarrhea and malaria • Armed conflict

  10. HIV/AIDS: life expectancy is falling; children are orphaned and are often forced to take on parent roles for younger siblings; health services are spread even thinner as countries try to cope.

  11. Under Five Infant Mortality Rate: Main causes: 1/3 die within a month due to lack of basic health care; half die from malnutrition; diseases caused by poor sanitation;

  12. SOLUTIONS: • Three levels of aid agencies. • International bodies – the United Nations • World Bank (5 financial institutions that provide $) • International Monetary Fund (to promote stability) • World Health Organization: A UN agency that coordinates international health activities and helps governments improve health services. • National government agencies - CIDA • Non-governmental agencies – religious groups, and service organizations

  13. Bilateral Aid • Multilateral Aid • Eliminate extreme poverty and hunger; achieve universal primary education; promote gender equality and empower women; reduce child mortality; improve maternal health; combat AIDS/HIV, malaria, and other diseases; ensure environmental sustainability; develop a partnership for global development.

  14. THE DEVELOPED WORLD (PROBLEMS) • high personal debt load • access to health care • child care costs • low income jobs • high price of higher education • unequal distribution of wealth • trapped in the poverty cycle • malnutrition (can be obesity as well) • High taxes lead to the working poor • Lack of Affordable housing

  15. PAST EXAM THEMES FOR THIS UNIT: • Impact of Population on Standards of Living • Difficulties Developing Countries undergo as the strive to improve their Standards of Living • The obstacles developing nations face as they become developed nations. • Using indicators of Standard of Living compare Canada to Developing Nations • Political, Economic, and Social Factors in preventing Developing Nations from becoming Developed Nations. • Explain the difficulties developing nations face as they try to break free of the poverty cycle. • The causes of poverty.

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