1 / 47

3D Modelling

3D Modelling. Week 3 Advanced modelling. Aims of today. Discuss your presentation Advanced modelling. Last week. Software Modelling concepts Polygon Spline Patch Parametric 3D parametric modelling Primitives Transformations Aligning Cloning Modifying primitives Boolean.

creola
Download Presentation

3D Modelling

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. 3D Modelling Week 3 Advanced modelling

  2. Aims of today • Discuss your presentation • Advanced modelling 3D Modelling

  3. Last week • Software • Modelling concepts • Polygon • Spline • Patch • Parametric • 3D parametric modelling • Primitives • Transformations • Aligning • Cloning • Modifying primitives • Boolean 3D Modelling

  4. Plan your model • Massing model? • Use a graphic or scan? • Set up your grid • Set up a file/folder system 3D Modelling

  5. Sketch or Storyboard Adventure Gamers : Dreamfall: from sketch to 3D model (2005) 3D Modelling

  6. Accuracy • Imagine a pen • How would you model it? • Now look at a real pen • Details make a big difference • Practice to be imperfect • Why? 3D Modelling

  7. References • Using reference materials will improve the quality of your model • Build a reference library • The object itself • Photographs • Drawings • Video 3D Modelling

  8. 2D • One method of creating a complex 3D object • Convert the lines into 3D objects • Visualise and define cross-sections • Proper scale 3D Modelling

  9. 2D to 3D - Extrusion 3ds max v7 3D Modelling

  10. 2D to 3D - Lathing • Create a path • Choose an axis 3ds max v7 3D Modelling

  11. 2D to 3D – Sweep or Loft • Create a 2D shape • Create a path • Cap or close the ends? 3ds max v7 3D Modelling

  12. 2D to 3D - Skin • Create a number of cross-sections • Skin them 3ds max v7 3D Modelling

  13. Activity • Draw a 2D shape and extrude it • Create another 2D shape and lath it • Create a 2D shape, a path and create a loft • Find out how to do a skin 3D Modelling

  14. File formats for modelling • Portable or universal file format • DXF .dxf • Drawing Interchange Format • Widely used in CAD (Computer Aided Design) • OBJ .obj • Computer animation an visual effects • Native • May be converted • 3ds max .max 3D Modelling

  15. Exporting/importing files • File conversion • 3D Studio (3DS) • Adobe Illustrator (AI) • ASC Scene Export (ASE) • AutoCAD (DWG) • AutoCAD (DXF) • Shockwave 3D • FiLMBOX (FBX) • Initial Graphics Exchange Standard (IGES) • Lightscape Material (ATR) • Lightscape Blocks (BLK) • Lightscape Parameter (DF) • Lightscape Layers (LAY) • Lightscape View (VW) • Lightscape Preparation File (LP) • Stereolithography (STL) • VRML97 (WRL) 3D Modelling

  16. Edges • Real objects rarely have a sharp edge • Bevel or chamfer • Radius • Fillet 3ds max v7 3D Modelling

  17. Surface Modelling • More free form than geometric (parametric) modelling. • A subdivision surface is a surface that has been divided into more faces while retaining the object's general shape • Subdivision adds more detail to an object, or to smooth it out • Use modifier stack to “collapse” a parametric model to some form of editable surface. 3D Modelling

  18. Why surface modelling? • Great flexibility in modelling • Game engines expect a mesh • Default model type • During rendering polygons are ‘smoothed out’ • Meshes allow the optimisation of models • Reduce the number of faces • Low polygon modelling • Reduce rendering time • Key part of successful production 3D Modelling

  19. Mesh objects • Early versions of Max used triangles • All faces were coplanar • Good for the rendering engine • Over time rendering engines have been modified • Polygon modelling without subdivision • More efficient • Eliminated extra edges • More control over the polygon object 3D Modelling

  20. Meshes • Triangles • Vertex • Edge • Face • Polygons • Vertex • Edge • Border • Polygon • Element 3ds max v7 3D Modelling

  21. Mesh or poly - which to use? History lesson • Initially Max only supported mesh objects • Subdividing the mesh into triangular faces ensured that all faces were coplanar • Guaranteed to render well • Over time rendering engines have been modified to handle polygons • Makes the model more efficient • Eliminates all the extra edges required to triangulate the mesh Murdock K.L. (2005) 3D Modelling

  22. Tessellation • Subdivides the faces of the object into two or more: • Polygons or • Triangles 3ds max v7 3D Modelling

  23. Converting to editable objects • Use the Quad menu • Or • Right click the object in the Modifier Stack 3ds max v7 3D Modelling

  24. Editing a polygon model • Convert an object into a editable polygon • Removes all parametric controls, including the creation parameters • If a modifier has been applied to an object you need to use the Collapse All command first • Combines the stack operations • Cannot undo, save a backup file 3D Modelling

  25. Editable Mesh Surface • Polygon mesh 3ds max v7 3D Modelling

  26. Edit face • Faces provide the renderable surface of an object. 3ds max v7 3D Modelling

  27. Extrude • Soft selection • Extrude • Bevel 3ds max v7 3D Modelling

  28. Activity • Make a crown • Create a tube • Convert to an editable mesh • Extrude polygons 3D Modelling

  29. Soft selection • The Soft Selection controls allow you to partially select sub-objects in the vicinity of an explicit selection • This causes the explicit selection to behave as if surrounded by a "magnetic field" 3ds max v7 3D Modelling

  30. Working with vertices • Select one or more vertices • Magnetic of soft selection • Use for transforms of vertices • The program applies a spline curve deformation to unselected vertices surrounding the transformed selected sub-object • A magnet-like effect with a sphere of influence around the transformation 3ds max v7 3D Modelling

  31. Activity • Create a sphere • Convert to an editible polygon • Push and pull vertices to make a face • Not easy! 3D Modelling

  32. Edit Edge • An edge is a line, visible or invisible, forming the side of a face and connecting two vertices • Two faces can share a single edge 3ds max v7 3D Modelling

  33. Optimization • Simplifies a smooth model with a high number of faces • Does not greatly change the model’s appearance 3ds max v7 3D Modelling

  34. Building Organic Forms • Humans are really hard to do • Working with Meshes and Vertices • Skinning • Working with cross-sections • Can be provided by a scan • Magnetic Resonance (MR) • 3D laser • Metaballs or Blobby surfaces 3D Modelling

  35. Metaballs or Blobby surfaces • Build a form from various sized objects • Blend the surfaces together into a single mass 3D Modelling

  36. Terrains • Terrain objects can be created from contour line data • Editable splines are selected • a mesh surface created over the contours 3ds max v7 3D Modelling

  37. Low polygon modelling • What happens to a game if the polycount in a model is too high? • Too slow to play • May crash the system • Overlapping meshes or undeleted faces may affect the appearance • Planning of low polygon models is important 3D Modelling

  38. Spec-ing a low polygon model • File format • Number and type of polygons • Use of texture maps • Particular type? • Colour depth? • Specific size? • Transparency? • Examine any sample models 3D Modelling

  39. Poly counts • Total number of polygons that make up a given object • 3D engines have limits • Number they can move around in a given scene • Software has a Polygon Counter utility • You can set a budget fop elected objects • Unnecessary polygons can be removed • Use MultiRes • Polygons can be made to look softer • Use MeshSmooth 3D Modelling

  40. Level of Detail • Models are created in two or more levels of detail • Use high polygon model when the object is large in the scene • Swap for the low polygon version when zoomed out • Used in VRML or X3D 3D Modelling

  41. Billboard • Define a flat surface which is camera aligned • Apply a texture • Renders faster than if a 3D object is used 3ds max v7 3D Modelling

  42. Box models and textures • Simple way to add detail • Keeps model simple • Box with a texture added • More later with materials 3ds max v7 3D Modelling

  43. Low poly techniques • No new skills • Greater precision • Decisions on where to invest detail • Decisions on where to simplify 3ds max v7 3D Modelling

  44. Mesh structure • Several meshes are attached to make a single object • Either • Weld the meshes together to form one mesh • Or separate them by a fractional amount • Do not intersect meshes • Delete any hidden faces 3D Modelling

  45. Game engines • Real time 3D engines may use rendering which smoothes out your model • You may need to take special steps to avoid this • Detaching groups to make them sharp 3D Modelling

  46. Self assessment • What are the four types of modelling concepts used by modelling software? • What is the most useful for gaming? • Why is this used for gaming? • Why does it not work well for • Rendered views? • Organic shapes? • Discuss the four methods of converting 2D shapes to 3D • Give an example of each for constructing everyday objects 3D Modelling

  47. References • Adventure Gamers : Dreamfall: from sketch to 3D model http://www.adventuregamers.com/article/id,477/p,2, accessed 23/09/2005 Giambruno M, (2002) 3D Graphics & Animation, 2nd Edition, New Riders, ISBN: 0-7357-1243-3 • Kerlow I. V., (2003) The Art of 3-D Computer Animation and Effects , 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc; ISBN: 0471430366 • Murdock K. L., 3ds max7 Bible, Wiley Publishing; ISBN: 0-7645-7971-1 • Screen shots taken from 3ds max 7 User Reference and tutorials 3D Modelling

More Related