Preparation for Uses of NPP/JPSS Data in NWP Models

1. Preparation for Uses of NPP/JPSS Data in NWP Models Dr. FuzhongWeng JCSDA Senior Scientist JPSS Sensor Science Working Group Chair JCSDA 9th Science Workshop, University of MD, College Park, MD May 24-25, 2011

2. PRESIDENTIAL DECISION NPOESS program was terminated on 30 September 2010. • NOAA assigned 1330 orbit • – Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) • DoD assigned 0530 orbit • – Defense Weather Satellite System (DWSS) • EUMETSAT provides 0930 orbit • –Meteorological Operational Satellite System • Common Ground System (CGS) • – Systems developed for JPSS/DWSS/GCOM etc • Advanced sensors • VIIRS (MODIS heritage) • CrIS (AIRS/IASI heritage) • OMPS (OMI/TOMS heritage) • ATMS (AMSU/MHS heritage)

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4. NPP Spacecraft VIIRS CrIS ATMS OMPS CERES

5. Microwave Earth Spectra 100 101 Atmospheric Opacity Pressure (hPa) 102 103 Temperature Weighting Function (km-1)

6. Infrared Earth Spectra

7. Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) The Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) is a key sensor • Fourier Transform Spectrometer providing • high resolution IR spectra • Fields of Regard each 3x3 FOVs • Photovoltaic Detectors in all 3 bands • 4-Stage Passive Detector Cooler • 14 km nadir spatial resolution • 2200 km swath width • On-board internal calibration target

8. Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) • Purpose: Profiling atmosphere under All-weather conditions. In conjunction with CrIS, global observations of temperature and moisture profiles at high temporal resolution (~ daily) • Predecessor Instruments: AMSU A1/A2, MHS • Approach: Scanning passive microwave radiometer 22 channels (23GHz - 183GHz) • Swath width: 2300 km • Co-registration: with CrIS

9. Spectral Differences: ATMS vs. AMSU/MHS AMSU/MHS ATMS ATMShas 22 channels. AMSU/MHS have 20, with polarization differences between some channels − Quasi-Vertical: polarization vector is parallel to the scan plane at nadir − Quasi-Horizontal: polarization vector is perpendicular to the scan plane at nadir AMSU-A Exact match to AMSU/MHS Only Polarization different Unique Passband MHS Unique Passband, and Pol. different from closest AMSU/MHS channels

10. ATMS Scanning Characteristics • Cross-track (for CrIS coincidence) • Contiguous 1.1° cells • Contiguous coverage at equator (824 Km orbit, NPP) 105.45° 17.6 km Scan spacing 16.0 km Sample interval FOV near Nadir The outmost FOV Swath = 2503 km Subsatellite track

11. Spatial Differences: ATMS vs. AMSU/MHS Beamwidth (degrees) Spatial sampling ATMS scan period: 8/3 sec; AMSU-A scan period: 8 sec

12. Co-Registration of ATMS/CrIS Sensors ±50° cross track scans 1.25-Orbit Data Dump RDRs Central or regional ground stations CrIS Swath 2200km ATMS swath 2500km ATMS FOV 3x3 Array of CrISFOVs (Each at 14-km Diameter)

13. 48-day test; March 10th to April 27th • Four thermal cycles including survival heater checks, one hot and one cold balance, self-compatability tests, comprehensive and limited performance tests, and additional special tests for instruments • Demonstrated that all spacecraft and payload components will function properly in their operational environment NPP Thermal Vacuum (TVAC) Data & Sensor Performance • Demonstrated trouble-free performance for continuous 100-hour period; 24-hour dwell at COLD-4, followed by 48-hour transition, and another 24-hour dwell at HOT-4

14. ATMS Spacecraft (S/C) TVAC Analysis • Analysts – Ed Kim (NASA/GSFC) Joseph Lyu (NASA/Caelum); Vince Leslie, Bill Blackwell (MIT-LL); Tsan Mo, Ninghai Sun (NOAA/STAR) • TVAC test conditions bracketed the temperatures and operating modes expected on-orbit • Science performance parameters generally “in family” with sensor-level TVAC tests in 2005 • Gain: Generally in family with instrument-level TVAC; one anomaly, COLD-3 plateau channel 4 and 5 gains about 20% lower than instrument-level TVAC • NEDT: Within spec and in-family with instrument-level TVAC computations; NEDT calculation methods are being investigated amongst the science team • Scan angle: Earth view positions nominal; Warm target views slightly out of spec for positions 102 and 103 (should not affect cal) • Housekeeping trending: temperatures and voltages in family • Stare tests: Five attempts; three successful (two HOT and one COLD) and in-family with instrument-level data; two unsuccessful due to 1. sampling not continuous, and 2. loss of science data

15. ATMS NEDT Analysis

16. CrIS Spacecraft (S/C) TVAC Analysis • Analysts – Vladimir Zavyalov, Mark Esplin (USU-SDL); Dan Mooney (MIT-LL); David Johnson (NASA/LARC) • Excellent science data obtained at all plateaus with the exception of HOT-1, when a cryocooler problem prevented detector activation • Adequate replacement data was acquired at the other HOT plateaus • The NEdN performance was within specification with the exception of MW FOV7 • This was a know issue and also seen during instrument-level testing • Vibration effects did not significantly influence NEdN • Some structure shows up in time histories possibly due to vibration • Principle component analysis was performed to determine correlated and uncorrelated NEdN • No significant correlated NEdN found • Radiometric uncertainty agrees with results for a 287K BB to +/- 1 % • Full spectral resolution test showed that data for the MW and SW bands can be acquired with the same spectral resolution as the LW band • Diagnostic data was as expected: MW FOV 7 is least linear while MW FOV 6 and 9 are most linear

17. CrIS S/C TVAC Analysis The CrIS NEdN during NPP self compatibility test was essentially identical to the NEdN observed during 2 and 3 point calibration measurements.

18. VIIRS S/C TVAC Analysis • Analysts – Hassan Oudrari, Jeff McIntire, Shihyan Lee, Tom Schwarting, AlinTolea (NASA/GSFC – SigmaSpace) • All CPT data, transitions between plateaus, and self-compatability test data were analyzed • No specific concerns or issues identified; all VIIRS data collected and analyzed were of good quality and sufficient to verify that sensor performance is as expected • Science team examined key performance parameters used in the on-orbit science products, including: • Radiometric response using the flat plate illuminator (FPI) to verify gain and signal-to-noise performance • On-board blackbody (OBC) warm-up and cool-down to verify radiometric and on-board emissive bands calibration • Noise to verify noise characterization • Electronics self-test to verify sensor electronics linearity • SDSM (solar diffuser stability monitor) check to verify that the SDSM mirror was functioning properly • Self-compatibility test data were also analyzed to check for interference effects from other NPP sensors

19. OMPS S/C TVAC Analysis • Analysts – Scott Janz, Matt Kowalewski (NASA/GSFC); Brian Baker, James Lasnik, Ken Brownsberger (Ball Aerospace) • Detector level monitoring was performed using bias, dark, and LED imaging • Functional tests (Bias, Dark, and LED linearity) were performed during first and fourth cycles • Output amplifier noise was the primary OMPS trending metric used to identify anomalies in detector performance • Special Cal/Val dark imaging tests were performed • These tests consisted of dark images at a variety of integration times, that will act as a baseline for identical tests to be performed during sensor check-out and the ICV phase of post-launch activities • All measurements of OMPS TC, NP, and LP detector bias, read-noise, dark current and linearity agreed with past instrument-level TVAC and acceptance results • Additional cal/val command sequences were successfully performed to benchmark sensor dark current measurements for post-launch use

20. NWP User Readiness for NPP/JPSS Data • Test of CrIS/ATMS Proxy Data • NESDIS BUFR data • Sensor bias monitoring • New Information from ATMS • More channels @ O2 (51 GHz) and H2O (183+-1.8, 4.5 Ghz) • ATMS Oversampling Data (30 km FOV) for severe weather • Radiative Transfer Science • NLTE in CRTM for CrIS • Scattering for cloud and precipitation • IR and MW Emissivity • IR Emissivity Model and Data base • RTTOV-10 emissivity data base

21. Preparations for CrIS/ATMS • BUFR proxy data, from NESDIS, • archived at ECMWF since Feb 2011 • CRTM Fast RT model coefficients • available based on • rectangular band shapes • Code to handle CrIS / ATMS lodged in • JCSDA vapor • Preliminary results generated • from simulated data, as technical • check-out of code • Aim to provide feedback on data quality within • days during : • early orbit check-out • subsequent commissioning phase • IF data is available in BUFR format & • data streams in place

22. Microwave Emissivity Spectra over Various Surface Conditions Emissivity over oceans increases as frequency increases and lower at frequency less than 40 GHz

23. A New Emissivity Model for IR Applications

24. Impacts of UWisc HSR Emissivity Data Base in GFS (a) 01/09/2008-01/22/2008 • Experiments are set up in GSI with two months data on 2008 (January, and July), CRTM v2.0 with NPOESS database, and UWIREMIS database • UWIREMIS database has some positive impact in winter season, especially for south hemisphere. However, it is inferior to the CRTM baseline IR land emissivity in north hemisphere during summer time (b) 07/09/2008-07/19/2008

25. Conclusions JCSDA is ready for NPP/JPSS JPSS program will provide input observations for 1) Weather Forecast Models through CrIS, ATMS, VIIRS, OMPS 2) Short term Environmental Observations (Events) VIIRS, OMPS, CrIS 3) Long term Environmental Observations (Climate Change Detection) CERES, TSIS, VIIRS, OMPS, CrIS, ATMS