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EXERCISE 19: BRAIN AND CRANIAL NERVES

EXERCISE 19: BRAIN AND CRANIAL NERVES. http://www.vision.caltech.edu/feifeili/101_ObjectCategories/brain/image_0026.jpg. FOREBRAIN. MIDBRAIN. HINDBRAIN. CEREBRUM. Transverse Fissure. ON PARIETAL LOBE Primary somato -sensory area. ON FRONTAL LOBE Primary motor area.

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EXERCISE 19: BRAIN AND CRANIAL NERVES

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  1. EXERCISE 19: BRAIN AND CRANIAL NERVES http://www.vision.caltech.edu/feifeili/101_ObjectCategories/brain/image_0026.jpg

  2. FOREBRAIN MIDBRAIN HINDBRAIN

  3. CEREBRUM Transverse Fissure

  4. ON PARIETAL LOBE Primary somato-sensory area ON FRONTAL LOBE Primary motor area

  5. Cortex (superficial) is gray matterWhite matter is deeper

  6. DIENCEPHALON= thalamus + hypothalamus

  7. Endocrine Attachments Pineal Gland

  8. MENINGES Same setup as spinal cord— Dura mater most superficial, Arachnoid, Pia mater closest to brain

  9. Mesencephalic or CEREBRAL aqueduct

  10. CHOROID PLEXUSES Specialized capillaries in ventricles Produce CSF—Circulates from here to central canal (s. cord) & around outside of brain/cord too

  11. MIDBRAIN CORPORA QUADRIGEMINA

  12. HINDBRAIN

  13. HINDBRAIN--cerebellum

  14. Don’t Forget! • Sheep Brain Dissection next class!

  15. Sensory Nerve Attachments Optic nerves: to eyes Optic chiasm: cross Optic tracts: to brain

  16. CRANIAL NERVES 12 pairs Connect to brain: CN I cerebrum CN II thalamus CN III-XII brain stem O O O T T A F V G V A H S S M M B M B S B B M M Nerve names: Nerve functions:

  17. Brain Overload!! • Oh, Once One Takes The Anatomy Final, Very Good Vacations Are Heavenly… Or • Oh, Oh, Oh, To Touch And Feel Very Good VIOLINS, AH! • Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big BROWNIES Matter Most

  18. CN I: OLFACTORY • SENSORY • Smell • From olfactory epithelium • Olfactory nerve-bulb-tract • (Cribriform foramina of ethmoid) 14-21

  19. CN II: OPTIC • SENSORY • From retina • Optic nerve-chiasm-tract • (Optic canal-sphenoid) 14-22

  20. CN III: OCULOMOTOR • Mostly MOTOR • To eye muscles • (superior orbital fissures-sphenoid) 14-22

  21. CN IV: TROCHLEAR • Mostly MOTOR • To superior oblique eye muscles • (superior orbital fissures-sphenoid) 14-22

  22. CN V: TRIGEMINAL • Mixed (sensory and motor) • Ophthalmic Branch • Sensory-orbital, upper face structures • Maxillary Branch • Sensory-lower face structures • Mandibular Branch • Mixed-mouth

  23. 14-24

  24. CN VI: ABDUCENS • Mostly motor • To lateral rectus eye muscles • (superior orbital fissure) 14-23

  25. CN VII: FACIAL • Mixed • To parts of face • Expressions, tear/salivary glands 14-25

  26. CN VIII: VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR • Sensory, from inner ear • Vestibular branch • Balance, equilibrium • Cochlear branch • Hearing 14-26

  27. CN IX: GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL • Mixed to head and neck • Sensory: posterior tongue • Motor: pharyngeal muscles (swallowing), salivary gland 14-27

  28. CN X: VAGUS • Mixed to visceral organs, larynx, pharynx • Sensory: ear, diaphragm, organs • Motor: pharynx, digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular systems 14-28

  29. CN XI: ACCESSORY • Mostly motor • To muscles of neck, upper back • Cranial root • Fibers originate in medulla • Spinal root • Some motor fibers originate in spinal cord • Join at foramen magnum 14-29

  30. CN XII: HYPOGLOSSAL • Mostly motor • To tongue muscles 14-29

  31. CRANIAL NERVES

  32. Sheep Brain Dissection • Safety First! • Sharps: blades and blade holders • Goggles • Gloves • Biohazard waste disposal • No tissue down the drain! • Gloves also • Cleaning the dissection trays & your instruments

  33. Sheep Brain Dissection • http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/brain/brshpx.htm

  34. Sheep Brain Superficial • Dura mater, pia mater • Lobes (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital)

  35. Superficial • Pituitary gland • Olfactory bulbs • Optic nerves, optic chiasm, optic tract

  36. Sheep Brain Longitudinal section • Cerebral cortex (gray matter) • Cerebral white matter • Corpus callosum • third, 4th ventricles • Thalamus • Hypothalamus • Pineal gland • Superior colliculi • Inferior colliculi • Pons • Medulla oblongata • Cerebellum (arbor vitae, cerebellar cortex)

  37. Sheep Brain Transverse section • Lateral ventricles

  38. Sheep Brain Superficial • Dura mater, pia mater • Pituitary gland • Olfactory bulbs • Optic nerves, optic chiasm, optic tract • Cerebral cortex (gray matter) • Cerebral white matter • Corpus callosum • Lateral, third, 4th ventricles • Thalamus • Hypothalamus • Pineal gland • Superior colliculi • Inferior colliculi • Pons • Medulla oblongata • Cerebellum (arbor vitae, cerebellar cortex) Longitudinal section & Transverse section

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