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1. If you don’t hear any sound turn on your speakers Then click to start

2. China Rising A Personal Perspective From Frank O’Hara Click to continue

3. Where I volunteered Click to continue

4. Click to continue Volunteered in Xi’an 1999, 2001, 2003 5000 km wide Comparison: Halifax to Vancouver 6119 km

7. Dynasties ANCIENT • Earliest c 2652-2000 BC • Xia Kingdom 2000-1520 BC • Shang Kingdom 1520-1027 BC • Western Zhou 1027-771 BC • Eastern Zhou 771-221 BC IMPERIAL • Qin Dynasty 221–206 BC • Han Dynasty 206 BC–220 AD  • Western HanXin DynastyEastern HanThree Kingdoms 220–280  • Wei, Shu & WuJin Dynasty 265–420  • Western JinEastern Jin16 Kingdoms304–439 • Southern & Northern Dynasties 420–589 • Sui Dynasty 581–619 • Tang Dynasty 618–690 • Second Zhou 690–705 • Tang Dynasty 705–907 (resumed) • 5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms 907–960 • Liao Dynasty907–1125 • Song Dynasty960–1279 • Northern SongW. Xia Dyn.Southern SongJin Dyn.Yuan Dynasty 1271–1368 • Ming Dynasty 1368–1644 • Qing Dynasty 1644–1911 MODERN • Republic of China 1912–1949 • People's Republic of China 1949–present

8. Silk spinning - 2850 High temperature clay firing - 2nd millennium Decimal place value - 13th century Embroidery – 10th century Mouth organ - 9th century Fumigation - 7th century Cast iron - 5th century Cross bow - 5th century Metal plough – 5th century Acupuncture - 580 Kites - 4th century Blast furnace - 3rd century Maps, topographical - 3rd century Anti-malarial drugs - 3rd century Harness, horse breast - 250 Tea as a drink - 2nd century Steel - 2nd century Ball bearings - 2nd century Wheel barrow - 30 Seawalls - 80 Axial rudder - 1st century Paper - 105 Noodles - 100 Coal as fuel - 1st century Abacus - 190 Stirrup - 300 Wheel barrow - 200 Fishing reel - 3rd century Porcelain - 550 Suspension bridge - 6th century Printing, wood blocks - 7th century Stars, proper motion of - 725 Leeboards & Centreboards - 751 Grafting - 806 Printed book - 868 Chinese chess - 900 Coinage 9th century Gunpowder – 9th century Playing cards – 1000 Magnetic compass (navigation) - 1111 Small pox inoculation – 10th century Paper money - 9th century Pearls, artificial induction - 1086 Pasteurized wine - 1117 Printing, bronze type - 1403 Early inventions Before Common Era Common Era Why did it stop at 1500?

9. Chinese explorations …(please click) • The Yuan dynasty, 1271-1368, commissioned a navy and founded trading posts in Sumatra, Ceylon, India, and later in Arabia and Africa • In 1525 the emperor ordered the destruction of the navy, on the basis that the Middle Kingdom had everything it needed. • http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sultan/explorers.html

10. 10% annual GDP growth How do they do it? …(please click) • Combination of autocracy & free enterprise • Planning, not laissez-faire (pre-build infrastructure) • Industrious, business-like (punctual) people • A tradition of merit-based scholarship • Government actively supports entrepreneurs • Innovation

11. Development zones …(please click) • Adjacent to the 17 largest cities • 3 kinds at each city – Hi-tech, Agriculture, Manufacturing • Up-to-date facilities (e.g. broadband, foreign architects) • Angel financing • Training for budding entrepreneurs • Secondary financing (launching the enterprise)

14. Development zone photo

15. Some facts …(please click) • China graduates @ 600,000 engineers annually versus USA 70,000 • 100,000 Chinese are studying abroad at their own expense, (103 countries, primarily United States, Britain and Japan) 2,000/year sponsored by the Chinese government • Annually 2,500 Chinese students earn their PhDs in the USA • A Comparison: U.S. National Debt $9.5 trillion and growing Chinese reserves $1.3 trillion, also growing • The One-child Policy • Fully imposed on 35.9% of the population - city dwellers • 52.9% (mostly rural) allowed 2nd child if first is female • 11% (ethnic minorities) have no limit • Enforced with fines and penalties (limited advancement/schooling) • Marriage age delayed (25 for women, 26 for men) • Projected 30 million excess marriage-age men by 2020

17. More facts …(please click) • GDP: $3.42 trillion • GDP per capita: $2,631 (versus Canada’s $36,000) • Poverty (defined as less than $1/day) declined from 64% to 10% over the past 25 years. • Famine of 1959, 60, 61 – as many as 30 million died Approximately 5% of the population of @ 660 million • 1976 Tangshan earthquake – of 1 million population 250,000 died • Only 14.86% of the land is arable

18. Yet more facts …(please click) • The world’s 3rd largest country • 4 time zones but treated as one (Beijing) • Surpassed S. Africa as the world’s largest gold producer • Military service: Two years selective compulsory 18-22 years of age • 30 million people migrate to the cities each year • Population 1.3 billion (20% of the world) • 540 million in 1950; doubled by 1980s, when 1-child policy instituted • Stable fertility rate is 2.1 – actually only 1.7 for China • Population expected to peak at 1.45 billion in 2030 before reducing to 1.28 billion by 2050

19. China’s population: 1950 to 2050 Male Female China 1950 - 540 million 2050 – 1.28 billion India 1950 - 357.5 million 2050 - 1.6 billion

20. Something to ponder… World’s population growth (millions)17501800185019001950199920502150791 978 1262 1650 2521 5978 8909 9746

21. 3 Gorges Dam • 12 times the power output of Niagara Falls • Designed to provide 10% of China’s needs • But increased demand – actually only 3%.

22. Concerns? …(please click) • Will China try to buy control of the West? • Will they control Greenhouse Gases? • Falun Gong • 87,000 civil disturbances in 2005 • Each week China opens 34 gas stations and puts 1000 more cars on the road • 570 more coal plants to be added by 2012 • Army – Active: 2,250,000, Reserve: 800,000

23. Canada: $18 billion

24. Canadian advantages/opportunities • Dr. Norman Bethune - a hero • Dr. Macklin - 1st Western hospital, 1886 • 1970, Canada led the world to recognize China, 2 years ahead of President Nixon's visit • Our secular society (with 1.5 million Chinese) • Our natural resources • Canadian investments (Bombardier, Nortel, mining companies) • Wheat for famine victims 1959, 60, 61

25. Shanghai

26. Shangai

27. Frank Ou Fulai Fortune Comes Marion Lei Moli Jasmine Blossom

28. Photos from the 2008 Olympics

36. A co-incidence!? Buddha: @ 563-483 BC Confucius: 551-479 BC Socrates: 469-399 BC

37. Ou Fulai Fortune Comes The End but not for China… only the beginning For more on Frank O’Hara’s adventures go to www.ohara.com Click twice to end