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THE VULNERABILITY CONTEXT:

THE VULNERABILITY CONTEXT: . IS THERE SOMETHING WRONG WITH THIS PICTURE?. A WORK IN PROGRESS Sue Lautze Angela Raven-Roberts Feinstein International Famine Center, Tufts University. FOUR POINTS, TEN MINUTES. AFFECTED PEOPLE DEPEND UPON LIVELIHOODS FOR FOOD SECURITY

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THE VULNERABILITY CONTEXT:

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  1. THE VULNERABILITY CONTEXT: IS THERE SOMETHING WRONG WITH THIS PICTURE? A WORK IN PROGRESS Sue Lautze Angela Raven-Roberts Feinstein International Famine Center, Tufts University

  2. FOUR POINTS, TEN MINUTES • AFFECTED PEOPLE DEPEND UPON LIVELIHOODS FOR FOOD SECURITY • COMPLEX EMERGENCIES ARE (USUALLY) CHARACTERIZED BY VIOLENCE • LIVELIHOODS TOOLS INADEQUATELY CAPTURE THE DYNAMICS & CONSEQUENCES OF VIOLENCE • TO PROMOTE FOOD SECURITY (POLICIES, FRAMEWORKS, INFO SYSTEMS, PROJECTS), THE IMPLICATIONS OF VIOLENCE MUST BE UNDERSTOOD & ADDRESSED

  3. WHAT DO YOU GET WHEN YOU CROSS AN ANTHROPOLOGIST WITH A POLITICAL ECONOMIST? • PEOPLE WHO LOOK AT VIOLENCE AND ITS (VERY) FAR REACHING CONSEQUENCES – SOCIAL, POLITICAL, ECONOMIC  THE “VULNERABILITY CONTEXT” IS NOT EXTERNAL LIVELIHOODS SYSTEMS

  4. 1. LIVELIHOODS & FOOD SECURITY FACT: PEOPLE RELY ON LIVELIHOOD SYSTEMS FOR FOOD SECURITY

  5. 2. CONTEXT OF CEs • NO ADEQUATE/AGREEMENT ON DEFINITION OF CEs • VIOLENCE CENTRAL TO ALL CEs • VIOLENCE IS BOTH SPECIFIC AND FUNCTIONAL • ANALYSIS OF VIOLENCE LIMITED (LARGELY) TO POLITICAL ECONOMY: COLLINSON, COLLIER, SLIM, DUFFIELD, ANDERSON, ETC.

  6. 3. FRAMEWORKS & VIOLENCE • VIOLENCE IS EXPENSIVE FOR HOUSEHOLDS & IS HARD ON LIVELIHOODS SYSTEMS & FOOD SECURITY • VIOLENCE SHAPES EACH AND EVERY ELEMENT OF LIVELIHOODS SYSTEMS • BUT…THE “VULNERABILITY CONTEXT” DOESN’T ADEQUATELY CAPTURE THIS

  7. VIOLENCE AND ASSETS HUMAN, SOCIAL, PHYSICAL, NATURAL, FINANCIAL VIOLENCE ERODES ASSETS – AND THREATENS FOOD SECURITY BY: • DIRECT DESTRUCTION • TRANSFORMING ASSETS INTO LIABILITIES • INCREASING DEMAND FOR LIMITED ASSETS

  8. VIOLENCE INFLUENCE & ACCESS VIOLENCE’S PRIMARY TOOL IS FEAR FEAR RE-SHAPES “INFLUENCE & ACCESS” RELATIONSHIPS  DISEMPOWERMENT LE BILLON: POWERLESSNESS AS A MORE USEFUL CONCEPT THAN POVERTY

  9. VIOLENCE, POLICIES, INSTITUTIONS & PROCESSES VIOLENCE, (LIKE OTHER DRIVING FORCES OF DISASTERS – HIV/AIDS, MACROECONOMIC POLICY FAILURES), IS A PIP THAT: • IS ENDOGENOUS, EMBEDDED IN LIVELIHOODS SYSTEMS • CAN INDUCE CONSERVATISM, FUNDAMENTALISM AND WORSE • CAN PROMOTE MILITARIZATION • WARPS AND COMPETES (& WINS) AGAINST OTHER PIPS, INCLUDING THOSE TO PROMOTE FOOD SECURITY

  10. VIOLENCE AND STRATEGIES VIOLENCE, AS A PIP, SHAPES LIVELIHOODS STRATEGIES • SOME NEW LIVELIHOODS STRATEGIES BECOME AVAILABLE, AND PROMOTE FOOD SECURITY (MILITIA, POPPY/CHAT, PROTECTION, CAMP SERVICES) • BUT MOSTLY, LIVELIHOODS STRATEGIES ARE CONSTRAINED

  11. VIOLENCE AND OUTCOMES LIVELIHOODS IN CONTEXTS OF VIOLENCE OFTEN YIELD • FOOD INSECURITY - MALNUTRITION, MORBIDITY, MORTALITY, DESTITUTION, DESPAIR, DISPLACEMENT • RARELY, WILL PRODUCE POSITIVE OUTCOMES

  12. (INTEGRATED?) LIVELIHOODS FRAMEWORK ASSETS/ LIABILITIES PROCESSES, INSTITUTIONS & POLICIES STRATEGIES OUTCOMES INFLUENCE & ACCESS

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