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What is a Virtual Manipulative?

What is a Virtual Manipulative?. Read More:. Samples:. Outline: I.A & I.B. “More VMs” Page. "... an interactive, Web-based visual representation of a dynamic object that presents opportunities for constructing mathematical knowledge." (Moyer, Bolyard, & Spikell 2002, p.373). Restart Show.

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What is a Virtual Manipulative?

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  1. What is a Virtual Manipulative? Read More: Samples: Outline: I.A & I.B “More VMs” Page "... an interactive, Web-based visual representation of a dynamic object that presents opportunities for constructing mathematical knowledge." (Moyer, Bolyard, & Spikell 2002, p.373) Restart Show

  2. What is a Virtual Manipulative? Read More: Samples: Outline: I.A & I.B “My VMs” Page Example 1: Graphing Linear Equations • Young, D. (2006). Linear Equations. Retrieved April 23, 2006 from: http://plaza.ufl.edu/youngdj/graphing_tool.html Restart Show

  3. What is a Virtual Manipulative? Read More: Samples: Outline: I.A & I.B “More VMs” Page Example 2: The Moving Man Project • Murphy, L. D. (2000). The Moving Man Project. Retrieved April 23, 2006 from: http://www.mste.uiuc.edu/murphy/MovingMan/MovingMan.html Restart Show

  4. Why Use Virtual Manipulatives? Read More: Outline: II.A.1 Logistic Benefits: • Easily accessible and manageable • Low technological learning curve • Available out-of-school • Many people can develop them • Can do things not possible with Physical Manipulatives, pencil and paper, or other tools Restart Show

  5. Why Use Virtual Manipulatives? Read More: Outline: II.A.2 Teaching Benefits: • Instantaneous feedback • Multiple representations of concepts • Link symbolic concepts with concrete representations • Promotes problem solving and hypothesis testing • Helpful for students with disabilities • Increases attention and motivation (even in teachers) Restart Show

  6. Existing Research Read More: Outline: II.C.1 Of seven articles describing actual research projects: • Three were classroom studies, in which two found some benefits and one found no difference. • Three were studies of teacher use and attitudes, which showed mixed feelings and little experience. • One purported to show that Java-Applets could do things that graphing calculators could not 4 Restart Show

  7. Existing Research Read More: Outline: II.C.2 Two alternative arguments exist to support the use of VM’s with research: 1) Cholmsky (2003) and Reimer & Moyer (2005) used Marzano’s (1998) meta-analysis of instructional methods that work to justify use of VMs: • Graphical representations • Physical Manipulatives • Hypothesis Testing Restart Show

  8. Existing Research Read More: Outline: II.C.2 Two alternative arguments exist to support the use of VM’s with research: 2) Clements and McMillen (1996) used Piaget and Holt to argue that computer manipulatives are no less concrete than physical. • Both physical and virtual manipulatives are simply symbolic representations Restart Show

  9. Existing Collections Read More: Samples: Outline: II.B “More VMs” Page • Mathlets - Journal of Online Math and Its Applications • Illuminations - National Council of Teachers of Mathematics • NLVM - National Library of Virtual Manipulatives • Project Interactivate - Shodor Education Foundation • Thousands more in pay sites and private collections Restart Show

  10. What’s Missing? Read More: Outline: II.D & III.A Online Schools have not been included in the discussion of VMs, and should be: • The online nature of VMs make them suitable for virtual schools • Face-to-face and online teaching methods often differ Restart Show

  11. What’s Missing? Read More: Samples: Outline: I.A & I.B “More VMs” Page Secondary Education • Most existing applets are focused on elementary, middle-school and undergraduate topics. • Virtually all of the existing research deals with elementary and middle school age students and topics. Restart Show

  12. Suggestions for Development Read More: Outline: II.D.1 Future Development of VMs Should: • Be based on current Human Computer Interface research • Avoid Redundancy • Promote Reusability Restart Show

  13. Suggestions for Research Read More: Outline: II.D.3 &III.C • What aspects of some VMs make them more effective than others? • How can teachers be better educated on how and when to use VMs? • What topics may be most beneficial to be taught with VMs? • Does the research base supporting physical manipulatives transfer to virtual manipulatives? Restart Show

  14. Conclusion Read More: Samples: Outline: References My/More VMs Page • Virtual Manipulatives are a very promising tool for mathematics education. • As use, development, and research on VMs increases they will become more effective teaching/learning tools. Restart Show

  15. Conclusion Read More: Samples: Outline: References My/More VMs Page For References: Please see outline on table Please Explore My Virtual Manipulatives and Others on the Adjacent Computer Restart Show

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