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Chapter 6 Plant Biotechnology (contd.)

Chapter 6 Plant Biotechnology (contd.). Vaccines, Clones & Transgenics. What are plant vaccines?. Plant vaccines contain dead or weakened strains of plant virus which are injected to plants against diseases Vaccines can also be encoded in plant DNA

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Chapter 6 Plant Biotechnology (contd.)

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  1. Chapter 6Plant Biotechnology (contd.) Vaccines, Clones &Transgenics

  2. What are plant vaccines? • Plant vaccines contain dead or weakened strains of plant virus which are injected to plants against diseases • Vaccines can also be encoded in plant DNA • Transgenic plants can synthesize protein antigens that retain immunological properties

  3. What are plant vaccines? • The Tobacco Mosaic virus (TMV), produces a protein on surface of the virus which turns on the plant immune system in tobacco plants • Tobacco plants with TMV has the resistance against the virus

  4. Plants as surrogates to produce antigens • With the advent of modern molecular biology techniques in the 1980s, new strategies were developed for the production of subunit vaccines • Green plants are used as the “surrogate production organism” to produce antigens of human pathogens

  5. Five antigens expressed in plants and useful to animals and man • Rabies virus G-protein in tomato • Norwalk virus Capsid protein in tobacco & potato • Hepatitus B virus surface antigen in tobacco & potato • E.coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LT-B) in tobacco & potato • Cholera toxin B subunit (CT-B) in potato

  6. Banana is a likely delivery plant • Eaten raw • Appealing to children • Inexpensive to produce • Native to many developing countries • Still under clinical trials

  7. Genetic pesticides • The BT gene in Bacillus thuringiensis , produces a crystalline protein that kills insects and their larvae (an insecticidal protein). • Instead of spreading the bacteria in the field now can spread Bt genes!!! Tomatoes, potatoes, corn , cotton etc. • Today, plants can be genetically engineered to produce their own Bt

  8. Genetic herbicides • Crops are genetically engineered to be resistant to common herbicide called glyphosate( an enzyme which block photosynthesis) • Generally herbicides are used to kill weeds and by doing so, crops get affected. • Hence the need for genetically engineered herbicide resistant crops

  9. Golden Rice • Deficiency of Vitamin A causes night blindness. • Genetically engineered rice to produce large amount of Beta carotene, a provitamin which body converts to Vitamin A. Read pg 144 test book for further info

  10. Reference • http://www.nal.usda.gov/bic/BTTOX/bttoxin.htm • http://www.ag.uiuc.edu/~vista/html_pubs/biotech/insect.htm

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