Good afternoon, everyone! Today we still have a lot more to review.

1. Good afternoon, everyone! Today we still have a lot more to review. Let’s continue talking about Complex Sentences

2. Last week we learned that a complex sentence comprises two clauses:a main clause, and a subordinate clause. A subordinate clause is introduced by a subordinating conjunction:

3. Let’s practice using: Now, let’s talk aboutsubordinate or adverbial clauses of Time. when while as whenever as soon as after before since until

4. To show a sequence of events, each conjunction usually appears with a particular tense. You may be the following guidelines useful: when + simple while + continuous as (when) + simple as (while) + continuous whenever + simple as soon as + perfect

5. Athiwat often goes skiingwhen he has free time.

6. When night came, the wanderers fell asleep.

7. While Thongchai was going to the library,Athikan, Surachet and Paween enjoyed dancing.

8. Khro…..k As Mr. Brown was driving, his wife was taking a nap.

9. As Thapakorn was digging the ground,Suppanit was planting some trees.

10. Why do I love you so? As she looked into his eyes,she realized how much he loved her.

11. Whenever she has free time,Woraya rides a horse on her farm.

12. We began to singas soon as we had set up our tent.

13. EXERCISE 3 1. As I went into the room, I saw John lying on the floor. 2. When she came home, her husband was cooking dinner. 3. While my sister was watching television, the telephone rang. 4. As soon as she had had dinner, she began to read a novel.

14. EXERCISE 3 5. She had done the work before she went to the movie. 6. When Tom saw his sister, she was cooking dinner. 7. As I looked at him, I thought of a baboon. 8. As John turned around, Tom suddenly stopped talking.

15. EXERCISE 3 9. When I walked towards him, he looked at me angrily. 10. While I was cleaning my room, he was washing his clothes.

16. Other conjunctions precede clauses in different tenses. after + perfect before + simple since + simple until + simple

17. After Thammakorn had finished his piano lesson,he went to his trumpet class.

18. After he had studied for a while, he began to feel sleepy.

19. Before the little boy got back to his house,he had found a toy truck.

20. My little sister had climbed a treebefore she fell down and broke her leg.

21. They have been in love with each other since they first met.

22. They enjoyed their romantic moments at Kaeng Lerng Jarn until they got hungry.

23. They listened to music at the club until the kids wanted to go home.

24. EXERCISE 4 1. After he had gone to see is parents, he visited his aunt. 2. She had finished her work before she went to bed. 3. He had been listening to the radio since he got up. 4. I was worried about the problem until my sister told me what actually happened.

25. EXERCISE 4 5. She cried in her room until someone knocked at the door. 6. The old lady had thought about her plan before she went to see the police. 7. She has been talkative since she was a little girl. 8. My students had been quiet for a while before they began to talk again.

26. EXERCISE 4 9. Before we saw a man running across the yard, we had heard a frightening scream. 10. The girl decided to consult her parents after she had thought about the problem for several days.

27. We will continue withsubordinate clauses of Reason. Let’s practice using: because now that due to owing to because of

28. You may be the following guidelines useful: because + clause now that + clause due to + phrase owing to + phrase because of + phrase

29. My little brotherclimbed the treebecause he wanted to pick some apples.

30. Because she is obese, she could hardly move her body around.

31. He felt excited becausehe thought he had found some dinosaur fossils.

32. Now that is often used to indicate a current situation. Now that Chainarong has got a new car, he can drive it around the campus.

33. Now that it has stopped snowing,Chonlathon can go out to build a snow man.

34. Remember that when the reason is expressed in a phrase, use: Due to his broken leg, he has to stay at home for at least one month. due to owing to

35. Owing to his heavy bag, the man could not go very far.

36. Besidesdue toandowing to, we also use: because of Because of her obesity, she can hardly move around. with a phrase.

37. EXERCISE 5 1.She didn’t do well on her final exam because she didn’t study hard. 2.They finally became successful because they worked hard. 3.He refused to take the job because he knewit was too difficult for him. 4.Many people get sick because the weather has been very bad.

38. EXERCISE 5 5.My mother has been very unhappy because she is unable to think of a way to help my brother. 6.The young student has been worried because he is not doing well with his studies. 7.The girl pretended to be sick because she didn’t want to reveal the secret.

39. EXERCISE 5 8. I could not understand anything at all because he spoke too fast. 9. Everyone was worried about the problem because it seems not only serious but also inconceivable. 10.They took a journey to the mysterious land because they wanted to prove the story.

40. EXERCISE 6 1.…..because her weight is increasing. 2.…..because he lost a lot of money. 3.…..because it snows heavily. 4.…..because her husband died. 5. …..because his father was ill. 6. Because they are poor, ………. 7. Because the weather was cold, ……

41. EXERCISE 6 8. Because water supply is insufficient, ….. 9. …..because his son’s grades are low. 10. ….because their income is low.

42. EXERCISE 7 1.Now that it’s been raining for over a month,………… 2.Now that he has found out the truth,…. 3.Now that all of the guests havearrived, ….. 4.Now that she has studied hard for the test,…………….. 5.Now that my father has sent me some money,………..

43. So thatandin order that are used to indicate apurpose. PRESENT: PAST: would will could can might may

44. They built a fire so that they could cook some food.

45. Passana told the kids a storyin order that they would be quiet.

46. Araya built a model castleso that she could show her talent to her parents.

47. EXERCISE 8 1. The teacher spoke loudly so that all of his students could hear him. 2. The football team practiced hard in order that they would win. 3. The lady stood on the table so that the man would notice her. 4. She gave her son a nice present so that he would be happy.

48. EXERCISE 8 5. Mrs. Knodel explained the problem to Peter so that he could understand the situation. 6. We put bars on the lower windows in order that no one could climb in. 7. She tied a bell around her cat’s neck so that the birds would know when he was approaching.

49. EXERCISE 8 8. I put my address on my dog’s collar so that anyone who finds him will know where he comes from. 9. The policeman stopped the traffic every few minutes so that the pedestrians would be able to cross the road. 10.She built a high wall around her garden so that her fruit would not be stolen.

50. EXERCISE 9 1. The burglar cut the telephone wires for fear that I could call the police. 2. He had a telephone installed in his house for fear that his secretary would not be able to contact him. 3. I turned down the oven for fear that the meat would burn while I was out..