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Web Foundations

Web Foundations. Wednesday, October 2, 2013 LECTURE 5 : Introduction to CSS CONTINUED. HTML & CSS for Page Layout. As we saw in a previous lecture, the semantic markup introduced in HTML5 allows to construct page layouts differently.

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Web Foundations

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  1. Web Foundations Wednesday, October 2, 2013 LECTURE 5: Introduction to CSS CONTINUED

  2. HTML & CSS for Page Layout As we saw in a previous lecture, the semantic markup introduced in HTML5 allows to construct page layouts differently. Although we still can use <div> tags for creating layouts, many of the standard page elements such as header, navigation, footer have now their own tags. This does not change the way CSS and HTML work together but it makes our code more meaningful and saves us from typing some <div>'s (we can still use divs to create "wrappers" to center sections, produce "responsive" pages, etc). NOTE: We will discuss "id" and "class" a bit later in today's lecture

  3. HTML & CSS for Page Layout A basic layout uses a header, a main content area and a footer. On the HTML side there is nothing new except that we use might a div wrapper layer for centering the content in the browser. <body> <divid="wrapper"> <header> <h1>This is the header</h1> </header> <section> <p>Here would come the main content</p> </section> <footer> <p>Last but not least, the footer</p> </footer> </div> </body> Without the CSS, the web page looks pretty basic, even though all the HTML tags are in place. We'll use the CSS to jazz things up a bit. NOTE: We will discuss "id" and "class" a bit later in today's lecture

  4. CSS Syntax (Review) A CSS declaration always ends with a semicolon, and declaration groups are surrounded by curly brackets or "squiggles": p{color:red; text-align:center;}

  5. HTML & CSS for Page Layout Now looking at the CSS, first we reset the margin and padding of all elements to zero and tell the browser to render all HTML5 section tags as block. * { margin:0px; padding:0px;} header, footer, section, aside, article, nav { display: block;} NOTE: We will discuss "id" and "class" a bit later in today's lecture

  6. HTML & CSS for Page Layout The wrapper centers the rest of the content div#wrapper { width:90%; margin:0px auto;} NOTE: We will discuss "id" and "class" a bit later in today's lecture

  7. HTML & CSS for Page Layout While we simply add some color to distinguish the three sections of the document: header, the main section and the footer. header { background-color:#CCA; height:50px;} section { background-color:#F3C200; height:100px;} footer { background-color:#CC6; height:20px;} NOTE: We will discuss "id" and "class" a bit later in today's lecture

  8. HTML & CSS for Page Layout Putting it all together and the CSS render content of the now page looks like this: Demo code: test001.html NOTE: We will discuss "id" and "class" a bit later in today's lecture

  9. Commenting Some notes about these CSS properties, attributes, and values: First, commenting inside HTML and CSS HTML Comment <!-- Comment Goes Here --> CSS Comment /* Comment Goes Here */ Demo: HTML Comment in CCS Internal Style

  10. TheidSelector: # Standards specify that any given idname can only be referenced once within a page or document. From my experience, ids are most commonly used correctly in CSS layouts. This makes sense because there are usually only one 'wrapper' per page, or only one menu, one banner, usually only one content pane, etc. What this means is, two selectors cannot us the same id. If you want to do that, then you would create and use a class (which we'll talk about a bit later). NOTE: Do NOT start an idname with a number! It will not work in Firefox. In the CSS div#wrapper { width:70%;  sets width of div in relation tothe browser margin:0px auto;} In the HTML <div id="wrapper"> . . . </div> Demo: ID in CCS

  11. ThemarginProperty • The margin property can have from one to four values: • margin:25px 50px 75px 100px; • top margin is 25px • right margin is 50px • bottom margin is 75px • left margin is 100px • margin:25px 50px 75px; top - right/left - bottom • top margin is 25px • right and left margins are 50px • bottom margin is 75px • margin:25px 50px; top/bottom - right/left • top and bottom margins are 25px • right and left margins are 50px • margin:25px; • all four margins are 25px The margin clears an area around an element (outside the border). The margin does not have a background color, and is completely transparent. The top, right, bottom, and left margin can be changed independently using separate properties. A shorthand margin property can also be used, to change all margins at once. margin-top:100px;margin-bottom:100px;margin-right:50px;margin-left:50px; W3Schools: margin

  12. Theheight Property The height property sets the height of an element, whether in by auto (default), length (px, cm, pt, etc). height:50px; W3Schools: height

  13. Thebackground-color Property The background-color property sets the background color of an element. background-color:#CCA;  or #CCCCAA W3Schools: background-color

  14. Theclass Selector: . The class selector is used to specify a style for a group of elements. Unlike the id selector, the class selector is most often used on several elements. This allows you to set a particular style for many HTML elements with the same class. The class selector is defined with a period or "dot": . NOTE: You can name a class anything you want, although it is recommended you give it a name according to its function. In the example below, all HTML elements with class="center"will be center-aligned: In the CSS .center {text-align:center;} In the HTML <h1 class="center">Rex Winkus's Portfolio</h1> <p class="center">Week 01</p> W3Schools: Class vs ID

  15. Theclass Selector, specified by a HTML Element You can also specify that only predetermined HTML elements should be affected by a class. In other words, even if other elements call a class by name, only the type of element uniquely specified will be affected by the call. In the CSS p.center{text-align:center; } In the HTML <h1 class="center">This heading will not be affected</h1> <p class="center">This paragraph will be center-aligned.</p> http://www.htmldog.com/guides/css/intermediate/classid/ W3Schools: Class vs ID

  16. Some Other Basic CSS Properties: font-family In the CSS [remember, that these class names can be anything you want] p.serif{font-family:"Times New Roman",Times,serif;} p.sansserif{font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;} In the HTML <h1 class="serif">This is heading 1</h1>  This isn't affected <h2 class="sansserif">This is heading 2</h2>  This isn't affected <p class="serif">This is a paragraph.</p><p class="sansserif">This is a paragraph.</p> W3Schools: font-family

  17. Some Other Basic CSS Properties: font-size In the CSS h1 {font-size:250%;} h2 {font-size:200%;} .ften{font-size:10pt;} .f875em {font-size:0.875em;} In the HTML <h1>This is heading 1</h1> <h2>This is heading 2</h2> <p>This is a paragraph.</p><p class="ften">This is a paragraph.</p><p class="f875em">This is a paragraph.</p> • An "em" is a relative property based on the default font-size of the browsers, which is typically 16px. For example, this means that: • 1em = (16 x 1) = 16px = 100% • 1.25em (16 x 1.25) = 20px = 125% • 0.75em (16 x 0.75) = 12px = 75% • 2em (16 x 2) = 32px = 200% W3Schools: font-size

  18. Some Other Basic CSS Properties: font-style In the CSS [remember, that these class names can be anything you want] .normal {font-style:normal;} p.italic {font-style:italic;} .oblique {font-style:oblique;} In the HTML <p class="normal">This is a paragraph, normal.</p> <p class="italic">This is a paragraph, italic.</p> <p class="oblique">This is a paragraph, oblique.</p> <h2 class="oblique">This is a heading1, oblique.</h2> W3Schools: font-style

  19. Some Other Basic CSS Properties: font-variant In the CSS [remember, that these class names can be anything you want] .normal {font-variant:normal;} .small {font-variant:small-caps;} In the HTML <h2 class="small">Rex Winkus's Portfolio</p> <p class="normal">My name is Rex Winkus.</p> <p class="small">My name is Rex Winkus.</p> W3Schools: font-variant

  20. Some Other Basic CSS Properties: font-weight In the CSS [remember, that these class names can be anything you want] p.normal {font-weight:normal;} p.light {font-weight:lighter;} p.thick {font-weight:bold;} p.thicker {font-weight:900;} In the HTML <p class="normal">This is a paragraph.</p> <p class="light">This is a paragraph.</p> <p class="thick">This is a paragraph.</p> <p class="thicker">This is a paragraph.</p> W3Schools: font-weight

  21. Some Other Basic CSS Properties: font (shorthand property) The font shorthand property sets all the font properties in one declaration. The properties that can be set, are (in order): "font-style font-variant font-weight font-size/line-height font-family". The font-size and font-family values are required. If one of the other values are missing, the default values will be inserted, if any. In the CSS [remember, that these class names can be anything you want] .ex1{font:15px arial,sans-serif;} p.ex2{font:italic bold 12px/30px Georgia,serif;} In the HTML <p class="ex1">Rex Winkus's Portfolio</p> <p class="ex2">My name is Rex Winkus.</p> <h1 class="ex1">My name is Rex Winkus.</h1> <h1 class="ex2">My name is Rex Winkus.</h1> This is not altered W3Schools: font (shorthand)

  22. Some Other Basic CSS Properties: line-height The line-height property specifies the line height. In the CSS [remember, that these class names can be anything you want] p.normal{line-height:100%}  100% of normal, or 16px p.small {line-height:90%}  90% of normal, or 14.4pxp.big {line-height:2}  twice normal line height, or 32pxp.reallybig {line-height:48px}  three times normal line height, or 3 In the HTML <p class="ex1">Rex Winkus's Portfolio</p> <p class="ex2">My name is Rex Winkus.</p> <h1 class="ex1">My name is Rex Winkus.</h1> <h1 class="ex2">My name is Rex Winkus.</h1> This is not altered W3Schools: line-height

  23. Some Other Basic CSS Properties: text-decoration The text-decoration property specifies the decoration added to text. In the CSS [remember, that the class names can be anything you want] h1 {text-decoration:overline;} h2 {text-decoration:line-through;} h3 {text-decoration:underline;} .none {text-decoration:none;} In the HTML <h1>This is heading 1</h1> <h2>This is heading 2</h2> <h3>This is heading 3</h3> <a class="none"href="http://www.google.com">Google</a> W3Schools: text-decoration

  24. Some Other Basic CSS Properties: text-align The text-align property specifies the horizontal alignment of text in an element. In the CSS h1 {text-align:center}h2 {text-align:left}h3 {text-align:right} In the HTML <h1>This is heading 1</h1> <h2>This is heading 2</h2> <h3>This is heading 3</h3> W3Schools: text-align

  25. Some Other Basic CSS Properties: text-transform The text-transform property controls the capitalization of text. In the CSS h1 {text-transform:uppercase;}h2 {text-transform:capitalize;}p {text-transform:lowercase;} In the HTML <p class="uppercase">This is some text.</p> <p class="lowercase">This is some text.</p> <p class="capitalize">This is some text.</p> W3Schools: text-transform

  26. Some Other Basic CSS Properties: color The color property specifies the color of text. In the CSS body {color:red;} h1 {color:#00ff00;} p.ex {color:rgb(0,0,255);} In the HTML <h1>This is heading 1</h1> <p>This is an ordinary paragraph. Notice that this text is red. The default text-color for a page is defined in the body selector.</p> <p class="ex">This is a paragraph with class="ex". This text is blue.</p> W3Schools: color

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