Heating, Ventilation and Air- Conditioning (HVAC) Part 2: HVAC systems and components

1. Supplementary Training Modules on Good Manufacturing Practice Heating, Ventilation and Air- Conditioning (HVAC) Part 2: HVAC systems and components Section 7

2. HVAC Objectives In the following slides, we will study the components of air- handling systems in order to: Become familiar with the components Know their functions Become aware of possible problems

3. HVAC General • Design of HVAC is dependent on required degree of air cleanliness • Suitable components should be selected including: • fans, • driers, • filters, • ducts, grilles, etc. 7.

4. Exhaust air treatment Fresh air treatment (make-up air) Terminal air treatment at production room level + Production Room Central air handling unit HVAC Main subsystems

5. HVAC Components Components in HVAC may include, depending on need: • Filters • Fans • no fan failure; including supply air fans, return air fans, exhaust air fan, dust extract system fans • Driers • Drying of air with chemical driers, e.g. rotating desiccant wheel • Frost coils for preheating air 7.1.1 – 7.1.7

6. HVAC Components Components in HVAC may include, depending on need: • Snow eliminators • Dust eliminators • Moisture eliminators • Precooling coils • Alarm systems, grilles/diffusers, etc. 7.1.1 – 7.1.7

7. Overview components Flow rate controller Silencer Fan Filter Weather louvre Control damper + Humidifier Prefilter Terminal filter Production Room Cooling coil with droplet separator Heating coil HVAC Exhaust Air Grille Heater Secondary Filter Recirculated air

8. Weather louvre Silencer Flow rate controller Control damper To prevent insects, leaves, dirt and rain from entering To reduce noise caused by air circulation Automated adjustment of volume of air (night and day, pressure control) Fixed adjustment of volume of air HVAC Components (1)

9. Heating unit Coolingunit/ dehumidifier Humidifier Filters Ducts To heat the air to the proper temperature To cool the air to the required temperature or to remove moisture from the air To bring the air to the proper humidity, if too low To eliminate particles of predetermined dimensions and/or microorganisms To transport the air HVAC Components (2)

10. Control damper for airflow Adsorber wheel Humid room air Regeneration air Humid room air Air heater HVAC Air-handling unit Dry air AHU with fan Variable Speed Controller Filter Pressure Gauges De-humidification

11. HumidifierSilencerHeating and cooling units HVAC

12. Filter classes HVAC Dust filters Standard Aerosol Coarse Fine HEPA ULPA Dp > 10 µ m 10 µ m > Dp > 1 µ m Dp < 1 µ m G1 - G4 F5 - F9 H 11 - 13 U 14- 17 EN 779 Standard EN 1822 Standard

13. HVAC HEPA or tertiary filter Primary panel filter Secondary filter

14. HVAC

15. + Production Room Production Room HVAC Positioning of filters (1) AHU mounted final filter Filter in terminal position HEPA Filter HEPA Filter

16. HVAC Positioning of filters (2) Prefilter AHU Main filter Ceiling exhausts 2 3 1 Low level exhausts

17. Positioning of filters (3) Final filter AHU Prefilter 1 2 HVAC

18. Swirl Type air diffusors with terminal filters HVAC 1 2 3 4 1 Filter 2 Tightening frame 3 Register outlet 4 Screw fixation for register

19. HVAC Low induction swirl diffusor (preferred) High induction office type diffusor (avoid)

20. Regulation of room pressure – pressure differentials concept HVAC Room pressure gauges Room pressure indication panel

21. Flow ratecontroller Control damper Humidifier Cooling battery Filters Ducts Blocked Poorly adjusted, bad pressure differential system Bad water/steam quality/ poor drainage No elimination of condensed water/ poor drainage Incorrect retention rate/damaged/badly installed Inappropriate material/internal insulator leaking HVAC Problems with components

22. HVAC In the next slides Consider different air types, e.g.: • Supply air • Return air (recirculated air) • Fresh air (make-up air) • Exhaust air And: Concepts of air delivery to production areas: • Recirculation systems • Full fresh-air systems

23. Air types Exhaust air + Fresh air (make-up air) Supply air Production Room Return air (recirculated) HVAC

24. HVAC Recirculation systems • There should be no risk of contamination and cross-contamination when air is recirculated • Normally, HEPA filters (EN1822 H13) needed in supply air stream • Not required in single product facility with no risk of cross-contamination • Not required where no dust generation (e.g. secondary packaging) • HEPA filters placed in AHU or terminally • Dust from highly toxic processes should not be recirculated 7.2.1 – 7.2.6

25. HVAC Ventilation with recirculated air + make-up air Exhaust Unit Central Air-Handling Unit Return air

26. HVAC

27. HVAC Full fresh-air systems • 100% fresh air - normally where toxic products are processed, and recirculation not recommended • No contamination from fresh air – sufficient filtration needed • Degree of filtration on exhaust dependent on exhaust air contaminants and environment regulations • Energy-recovery wheels • Should not be source of contamination • Relative pressure between supply and exhaust air 7.3.1 – 7.3.3

28. HVAC Ventilation with 100% fresh air (no air recirculation) Washer (optional) Exhaust Unit W Central Air-Handling Unit Production Rooms

29. HVAC