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The President

Learn about the requirements for the U.S. President, how the Electoral College works, its history, challenges, and possible alternatives. Discover the role of White House staff and the Executive Office in the presidential administration.

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The President

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  1. The President

  2. Qualifications • Natural Born Citizen • At least 35 years old • Live in the United States for 14 years.

  3. The Executive Branch

  4. Electoral College

  5. 2012

  6. Popular vote November election Electoral vote Mid December Electors for Obama (Bob, Steve, Mick) Romney (Ann, Bill, Chad) Electors cast their vote Ann, Bill and Chad Obama Romney

  7. How does the electoral college work? • There are a total of 538 total electoral votes. • Each state gets the same # of votes as they have members of Congress • A majority of electoral votes are needed to be elected President. (270) • If no majority of electoral votes are obtained the House of Representatives chooses the President • The electoral college votes in mid December

  8. Monday following the second Wednesday in December, the electors of each state meet in their respective state capitals to officially cast their votes for president and vice president. • These votes are then sealed and sent to the president of the Senate, who on January 6th opens and reads the votes in the presence of both houses of Congress. • The winner is sworn into office at noon on January 20th.

  9. Why don’t we elect our president through popular vote? • A safeguard against • Uneducated voters • The system of popular vote doesn’t work

  10. What are the problems with the Electoral College

  11. 1. You can get the most popular vote and still lose the election

  12. Lets suppose we have two candidates Candidate A and Candidate B

  13. Popular Vote Electoral Vote

  14. Popular Vote Electoral Vote

  15. Popular Vote Electoral Vote

  16. Popular Vote Electoral Vote

  17. Popular Vote Electoral Vote

  18. 2000 Presidential Popular Vote 1. You can get the most popular vote and still lose the election

  19. Al Gore – (Democrat) Popular Vote: 50,992,335 Percentage - 48.38% George Bush – (Republican) Popular Vote: 50,455,156 Percentage: 47.87% Ralph Nader – (Green) Popular Vote: 2,882,897 Percentage: 2.74% Patrick Buchanan – (Reform) Popular Vote: 448,892 Percentage: 0.42%

  20. 1876 Hayes won over Tilden even though Tilden received 254,432 more popular votes 1888 B. Harrison won over Cleveland even though Cleveland 90,596 more popular votes The three other times • 1824 • John Quincy Adams received 38,000 fewer votes than Andrew Jackson but the HR chose Adams

  21. 2. Winner takes all. • 48 states use this method. • Two states (Nebraska and Maine) do not.

  22. Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied and the HR chose Jefferson to be the third President In 1824 John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson and William Crawford all ran and a majority wasn’t reached The HR chose Adams even though Jackson probably received the most popular votes. 3. House decides if no majority is reached • This has been used twice in American History

  23. 2008 Election

  24. 4. Vote only counts in your state

  25. 5. Electors can vote opposite of the voters wishes • 24 states do not require electors to cast their votes the same as the people voted • Only happened 11 times since 1796

  26. California 55 electoral votes Population: 38,000,000 Ratio 55:38,000,000 Ratio: 1 electoral vote for every 690,909 people South Dakota 3 electoral votes Population: 750,000 Ratio: 3:750,000 Ratio: 1 electoral vote for every 250,000 people 6. Small states have a disproportionate amount of votes than they should. To be fair, California should have 152 electoral votes to our 3

  27. 7. Not a direct election

  28. 8. Outdated

  29. 2012

  30. Because the Electoral College is in the Constitution it would take a Constitutional Amendment in order to change the Electoral College.

  31. Two ways to propose. Pass Congress with 2/3rds vote Call for Constitutional convention by 2/3rds of states Two ways to ratify Pass 3/4ths of state legislatures 3/4ths states in National Convention Amending the Constitution

  32. 2012

  33. Why do we still use the Electoral College? • Small states like it. • In order to win a candidate needs support in different areas of the country. • No clear alternative • History (We have always had it and it usually works just fine)

  34. Alternatives? • Popular vote • Congressional districts • Keep but make proportional • others

  35. WORKSHEET (The Constitution and the President)

  36. White House Staff • The President’s close assistants. • Have offices in the White House • The President can hire and fire them and they do not have to be confirmed by the Senate. • In 2000 Bush had a staff of 400 and a budget of $35 million.

  37. Executive Office of the President • Agencies in the Executive Office report directly to the president and perform staff services for him but are not located in the White House itself. • The top positions of these are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate.

  38. Executive Offices • White House • The Cabinet • Council of Economic Advisers • Council on Environmental Quality • Domestic Policy Council • National Economic Council • National Security Council (NSC) • Office of Administration • Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives • Office of Global Communications • Office of Management and Budget (OMB) • Office of National AIDS Policy • Office of National Drug Control Policy • Office of Science and Technology Policy • Office of the United States Trade Representative • President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board • USA Freedom Corps Volunteer Network • White House Military Office

  39. Executive Offices • Office of Management and Budget (OMB) • Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) • Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) • Office of Personal Management (OPM) • Office of the US Trade Representative

  40. The Cabinet • Cabinet officers are the head of 15 major executive departments. • Are appointed by President and confirmed by the Senate • No longer advice the President much.

  41. Presidents Cabinet • Cabinet

  42. Power to Persuade • Obama approval rating (polling report) • Obama Job Approval (Pollster.com) • Bush approval rating • Bush Job Approval (Pollster.com) • Congress approval rating • USA Today Presidential comparison • Wall Street Journal • Another approval site

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