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M. Refai

M. Refai. Dematiaceous Fungi. The term "dematiaceous" refers to the characteristic dark appearance of this group of fungi as it grows on agar. Colonies are dark gray, brown, or black and, importantly, have a black reverse when the bottom of the agar plate is examined.

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M. Refai

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  1. M. Refai

  2. Dematiaceous Fungi • The term "dematiaceous" refers to the characteristic dark appearance of this group of fungi as it grows on agar. • Colonies are dark gray, brown, or black and, • importantly, have a black reverse when the bottom of the agar plate is examined. • Hyphae are dark yellow or brown when unstained or poorly stained • This distinguishes the dematiaceous fungi from fungi with black conidia but an otherwise pale mycelium, such as A. niger.

  3. A. flavus A. fumigatus A. niger

  4. Dematiaceous Fungi with Muriform Macroconidia • Alternaria • Stemphylium • Ulocladium • Epicoccum • Note muriform septation in the macroconidia indicated by the arrow • Conidia form chains or occur singly and are divided by transverse and longitudinal septations; conidia usually have a club-shaped configuration

  5. Dematiaceous Fungi with Transversely Septated Macroconidia • Curvularia • Drechslera characteristic boomerang shaped macroconidia.

  6. Dematiaceous Fungi with Microconidia • Cladosporium • Phialophora verrucosa • Fonsecaea pedrosoi • Wangiella dermatitidis

  7. Dematiaceous Fungi that Defy the Above Grouping • Phaeoannellomyces werneckii • Chaetomium species Note the 2 celled yeast forms. Perithecia with radially extending irregular brown filamentous setae

  8. Alternaria tenuis Nees, 1817 Alternaria chartarum, Alternaria dianthicola, Alternaria geophilia, Alternaria infectoria, Alternaria stemphyloides, and Alternaria teunissima

  9. Stemphylium botryosum Wallroth, 1833 The genus Stemphylium contains several species, the most common one is Stemphylium sarcinaeforme

  10. Ulocladium botrytis Preuss, 1851 The genus Ulocladium comprises 9 species

  11. Curvularia species

  12. Drechslera species

  13. Bipolaris species

  14. Pithomyces chartarum

  15. Cladosporium Trejos, 1954 The genus comprises over 30 sp. Cladosporium elatum, Cladosporium herbarum, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, and Cladosporium cladosporioides. Many species have been classified in different other genera such as Exophiala, Fonseceae etc.

  16. Phialophora verrucosa Thaxter, 1915 The Phialophora species commonly involved P. verrucosa, P. hoffmanni, P. parasitica, P. repens and P.richardsiae.

  17. Phialophora parasitica

  18. Phialophora richardsiae Conant, 1937

  19. Cladophialora carioni

  20. Cladophialophora bantiana(Xylohypha bantiana) Lactophenol Aniline Blue • Magnification: x250 Magnification: x400

  21. Rhinocladiella atrovirens

  22. Fonsecaea. Powell, 1952 comprises species classified previously in the genera Phialophora, Hormodendrum Cladosporium F. compacta F. pedrosoi

  23. Fonsecaea pedrosoi

  24. Fonsecaea compacta

  25. Exophiala jeanselmei Exophiala castellanii, Exophiala moniliae, Exophila pisciphila, Exophiala salmonis, Exophiala spinifera. • Specimen: leg mass • Black yeast

  26. Exophiala spinifera • Specimen: Bronchial Washing •

  27. Wangiella dermatitidis • Specimen: Bronchial Washing •

  28. Hortae (Phaeoannellomyces) Phaeoannellomyces werneckii (Cladosprium werneckii) .

  29. Phaeococcomyces

  30. Aureobasidium pullulans

  31. Dactylaria gallopova

  32. Chaetomium SP black perithecium

  33. Phoma Sp.

  34. Stachybotrys-atra

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