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Explore the impact of invasions by Muslims, Magyars, and Vikings on the fall of Charlemagne's empire and the emergence of feudalism. Discover the role of local aristocrats in protecting people and the dominance of nobles in medieval society, including the responsibilities of aristocratic women.
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The Invaders • When Charlemagne died his sons divided his empire and it all soon began to fall apart. • Muslims from southern France, Magyars from western Asia on the plains of Hungary invaded western Europe. • Vikings from Scandinavia were the most viscous of the invaders though. • They were excellent warriors, sailors and shipbuilders. They attacked coastal areas all across Europe and western Asia.
The Development of Feudalism • With an absence of central leadership against this invasion, people began to turn to the local aristocrats or nobles to protect them. • This lead to the political and social system called feudalism. • At the heart of the system was the idea of vassalage. • A man who served a lord (noble) militarily was called a vassal. • A noble or lord was the unquestioned leader during the Age of Feudalism. Under him were the knights, who were wealthy in their own right. • Vassals were the lowest of the social classes and owed the lords for everything.
Nobility of the Middle Ages and Aristocratic Women • Nobles dominated European society during the Middle Ages. • Nobles were kings, dukes, counts, barons, and even bishops. • Their main concern was warfare and the amount of vassals they had to protect their villages. • Women could legally hold property but most women still remained under the control of men. • The lady of the castle commonly had to manage a large household, estate and the financial accounts.