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Chapter 6

Chapter 6 . Transport to and from cells. Functions of blood. Transport of oxygen and nutrients to all cells Transport of carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells Transport of hormones Maintaining the pH of body fluids Maintain water content and ion concentration

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Chapter 6

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  1. Chapter 6 Transport to and from cells

  2. Functions of blood • Transport of oxygen and nutrients to all cells • Transport of carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells • Transport of hormones • Maintaining the pH of body fluids • Maintain water content and ion concentration • Protection against disease causing pathogens

  3. Blood components • Liquid part is plasma • ____ blood volume • Non-liquid parts called formed elements • ____ blood volume • Cells (e__________, l________, p________ or t______________) • Cell fragments

  4. Mnemonic for Leucocytes Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas N___________ L___________ M__________ E___________ B___________

  5. Erythrocytes • Contain H_____________ • No nucleus • allow room for haemoglobin • Biconcave shape _________ surface area • Shortens life span of RBC

  6. Transport of Oxygen • Oxygen carried as • 3% in solution in plasma • 97% as ______________ • Loosely combined • Released by diffusion into tissue fluid and then into cells

  7. Transport of carbon dioxide • 7-8% dissolved in solution in ________ • 22% C____________________ • 70% in plasma as _________________ (HCO3-) • Combines with water to form carbonic acid (H2CO3)

  8. Transport of nutrients and waste Organic nutrients • Inorganic nutrients

  9. Wastes • Metabolic wastes are substances that cannot be used by cells and that, if allowed to accumulate, could be harmful (Name 3 wastes) • Nutrients and wastes transported in plasma

  10. Heart • Double pump • Systemic circulation takes blood out to ______ • Pulmonary circulation takes blood out to _______ • Surrounded by pericardium • Holds heart in place • Prevents ______________ • Cardiac muscle • Does not tire

  11. Blood vessels • Arteries • Carry blood _____________________ • Arterioles • Divisions of arteries, smaller • Capillaries • ____________________________ • Venules • Divisions of veins, smaller • Veins • Carry blood______________________

  12. Arteries • Smooth muscles, elastic • Must carry blood under _____ pressure • Walls able to _______ and recoil • Vaso_____________, vaso_______________

  13. Capillaries • Microscopic • Slow blood flow to allow for ____________ • Capillary walls one cell thick

  14. Veins • No ability to change their diameter • Contain _________ to assist in movement of blood back up to the heart • Muscles help push blood back ______ to the heart • _____________ pressure

  15. Artery – arteriole – capillary – venule - vein

  16. Blood vessels

  17. Blood flow through the heart • Blood moves around the ________to organs, delivering oxygen to them. • Blood enters the _____________. • Blood passes from the left atrium through the ________________________ (BICUSPID) to the ____________________ • Blood passes from the right atrium through the _____________________(TRICUSPID) to the ____________________ • Blood moves from the right ventricle, through the __________________, into the _________________.

  18. Blood flow through the heart • Blood move from artery to smaller arteries, to arterioles, to capillaries in the _________, where it is oxygenated. • Blood moves from pulmonary vein to ______________. • Blood moves from capillaries in the lung to venules, then veins, into the larger _________________________. • Blood returns to the body in the ___________. • Blood from the body enters the heart from the ___________________(from the upper body) and __________________(from the lower body). Both vena cava are veins. 

  19. Cardiac cycle • Heartbeat is the sequence of events that occur in one complete beat of the heart • Pumping phase is called ___________ • Filling phase is called _________ • Both atria and ventricles contract at the same time • Cardiac cycle

  20. Cardiac output • Heart rate is the ________________ per minute • Stroke volume is the ___________________ _________________________________ (mL) • Cardiac output is the __________________ __________________________________(mL) • Blood flow is _________________________ ______________________________(mL/min) Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate

  21. How the heart beats • Sino-atrial (SA) node • Wall of the _____ atrium • Initiates _____ beat • Acts as a _____maker • Collection of _______ cells • Increased/Decreased by cardiac centre in brain

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