Pigments in Prasinophyceae

1. Pigments in Prasinophyceae

2. Chlorodendrales BLA148/9 BLA78/7 RCC287 BLA82/7 RCC343 (Ostreococcus IV) RCC116 (O. tauri) RCC344 (Ostreococcus IV) RCC371 (Ostreococcus IV) RCC356 (Ostreococcus IV) BLA122 RCC393 (Ostreococcus II) RCC136 (Prasinococcus) RCC137 (Prasinoderma) Mamiellales Prasinococcales

3. Final Summary The two types of pigmentation in Prasinophyceae according to Egeland et al (1995) were clearly identified by cluster analysis In addition, the clones could be grouped into the three established orders. However, the pigment data also point to a large discrepancy within the order Chlorodendrales (new order?) There were important non-common features within each of these two groups. Perhaps the most remarkable were the following: Presence of Chl c3 in two clones (BLA122, RCC393) Simultaneous presence of Prasinoxanthin and Lutein in two clones (RCC136, RCC137) Presence of MgDVP in a Chlorophyceae-type prasinophyceae (BLA78/7) Absence of Violaxanthin in one clone (RCC137)

4. Final Summary The two types of pigmentation in Prasinophyceae according to Egeland et al (1995) were clearly identified by the cluster analysis In addition, the clones could be grouped into the three established orders. However, the pigment data also point to a large discrepancy within the order Chlorodendrales (new order?) There were important non-common features within each of these two groups. Perhaps the most remarkable were the following: Presence of Chl c3 in two clones (BLA122, RCC393) Simultaneous presence of Prasinoxanthin and Lutein in two clones (RCC136, RCC137) Presence of MgDVP in a Chlorophyceae-type prasinophyceae (BLA78/7) Absence of Violaxanthin in one clone (RCC137) It's the rule

5. 13 pigments and 13 strains

6. Chlc MgDVP Uriolide Viollike Neox Pras Viol Mmonal Unid-z1 Unid-z2 Antherax Zeax Lut Dihydro Chlb Chla -car-like Unid M1 -car -car Tetraselmis sp. RCC500 0.018 0.031 0.024 0.008 0.014 0.138 0.655 1.000 0.062 0.000 0.191 RCC287 (CCMP1205 = RCC15) NOUM15 0.018 0.074 0.131 0.051 0.042 0.382 1.313 1.000 0.026 0.053 Pyramimonas parkeae CCMP724 0.001 0.021 0.077 0.002 0.002 0.070 0.677 1.000 0.011 0.088 Tetraselmis sp. RCC234 0.022 0.039 0.033 0.057 0.006 0.005 0.096 0.812 1.000 0.009 0.020 0.062 Crustomastix stigmatica 0.023 0.008 0.056 0.055 0.017 0.065 0.038 0.786 1.000 0.034 0.271 Nephroselmis sp RCC499 0.007 0.023 0.030 0.053 0.036 0.033 0.018 0.723 1.000 0.020 0.041 0.075 Nephroselmis pyriformis CCMP717 0.015 0.044 0.021 0.077 0.016 0.019 0.022 0.698 1.000 0.005 0.040 0.025 RCC501 0.062 0.073 0.022 0.039 0.136 0.047 0.038 0.010 0.023 0.019 0.020 0.005 0.032 0.627 1.000 0.027 0.000 0.044 Ostreococcus tauri RCC116 0.061 0.079 0.016 0.045 0.191 0.044 0.039 0.014 0.025 0.051 0.050 0.003 0.032 0.633 1.000 0.028 0.000 0.098 Ostreococcus sp. RCC356 0.067 0.086 0.019 0.045 0.177 0.102 0.042 0.004 0.010 0.035 0.075 0.007 0.039 0.637 1.000 0.031 0.003 0.042 Ostreococcus sp. RCC344 0.057 0.068 0.015 0.041 0.154 0.101 0.040 0.015 0.022 0.031 0.025 0.002 0.027 0.618 1.000 0.033 0.039 Ostreococcus sp. RCC371 0.060 0.074 0.015 0.044 0.156 0.105 0.043 0.018 0.021 0.016 0.028 0.001 0.031 0.625 1.000 0.037 0.039 Ostreococcus sp. RCC343 0.063 0.077 0.016 0.043 0.186 0.055 0.043 0.023 0.027 0.047 0.033 0.001 0.028 0.648 1.000 0.030 0.036 Bathycoccus prasinos RCC113 0.041 0.047 0.018 0.018 0.097 0.078 0.030 0.007 0.023 0.002 0.017 0.003 0.018 0.462 1.000 0.013 0.029 Ostreococcus sp. RCC393 0.020 0.024 0.080 0.010 0.060 0.212 0.123 0.033 0.020 0.022 0.055 0.038 0.006 0.045 0.672 1.000 0.035 0.046 Micromonas sp.RCC418 0.080 0.085 0.016 0.036 0.130 0.089 0.038 0.011 0.020 0.020 0.060 0.010 0.007 0.812 1.000 0.028 0.032 Micromonas pusilla RCC372 (clade CCMP 489) 0.015 0.045 0.084 0.025 0.044 0.168 0.139 0.057 0.011 0.029 0.013 0.016 0.006 0.018 0.810 1.000 0.026 0.031 Micromonas pusilla RCC114 (clade CCMP490) 0.072 0.096 0.026 0.045 0.191 0.103 0.053 0.012 0.032 0.019 0.013 0.006 0.010 0.768 1.000 0.031 0.002 0.056 Micromonas RCC498 (clade CCMP490) 0.067 0.086 0.033 0.037 0.160 0.149 0.047 0.015 0.036 0.014 0.012 0.003 0.005 0.797 1.000 0.022 0.003 0.035 Mamiella sp. RCC391 0.060 0.072 0.021 0.043 0.189 0.074 0.010 0.015 0.024 0.011 0.019 0.008 0.052 0.896 1.000 0.034 0.027 0.055 Mantoniella squamata RCC417 0.068 0.075 0.029 0.037 0.150 0.068 0.045 0.013 0.033 0.006 0.010 0.003 0.021 0.644 1.000 0.026 0.020 0.101 Mantoniella sp. RCC395 0.065 0.073 0.028 0.031 0.123 0.056 0.043 0.008 0.028 0.003 0.006 0.004 0.009 0.622 1.000 0.021 0.013 0.049 Ostreococcus sp. RCC141 0.020 0.056 0.076 0.043 0.037 0.144 0.019 0.059 0.009 0.033 0.004 0.025 1.032 1.000 0.027 0.014 0.016 Ostreococcus oceanicus RCC143 0.029 0.036 0.072 0.036 0.038 0.146 0.028 0.059 0.009 0.030 0.004 0.030 1.022 1.000 0.032 0.012 0.018 Prasinococcus cf capsulatus RCC136/CCMP1407 0.020 0.025 0.081 0.015 0.060 0.192 0.047 0.008 0.016 0.016 0.180 0.053 0.713 1.000 0.024 0.030 Prasinococcus capsulatus CCMP1192 0.098 0.097 0.017 0.076 0.183 0.035 0.020 0.023 0.001 0.008 0.015 0.005 0.620 1.000 0.006 0.019 Prasinococcus sp RCC342 0.098 0.102 0.021 0.068 0.209 0.035 0.008 0.019 0.008 0.014 0.111 0.953 1.000 0.032 0.011 Prasinoderma RCC137/CCMP1220 0.109 0.064 0.015 0.069 0.195 0.019 0.026 0.011 0.045 0.025 0.005 0.882 1.000 0.009 0.027 Pycnococcus provasoli RCC244 0.080 0.017 0.061 0.305 0.024 0.006 0.019 0.031 0.009 0.002 0.021 0.971 1.000 0.013 0.019 Pseudoscoufieldia marina RCC261 0.071 0.006 0.057 0.287 0.036 0.018 0.025 0.078 0.003 0.023 0.871 1.000 0.006 0.027 22 pigments and 30 strains

7. Chlorodendrales BLA148/9 BLA78/7 RCC287 BLA82/7 RCC343 (Ostreococcus IV) RCC116 (O. tauri) RCC344 (Ostreococcus IV) RCC371 (Ostreococcus IV) RCC356 (Ostreococcus IV) BLA122 RCC393 (Ostreococcus II) RCC136 (Prasinococcus) RCC137 (Prasinoderma) Mamiellales Prasinococcales

8. Clade IV. Chlorodendrales Clade VII Clade I. Pyramimonadales Clade III. Pseudoscourfieldales (Nephroselmidaceae) Clade IV. Chlorodendrales Clade II Mamiellales Clade VI Prasinococcales Clade V Pseudoscourfieldales (Pycnococcaceae)

9. A simple pigment key to assign Prasinophyceae strains to the 7 clades Other species from Clade III have Siphonaxanthin or Loroxanthin or Loroxanthin derivatives.

10. Final Summary The two types of pigmentation in Prasinophyceae according to Egeland et al (1995) were clearly identified by the cluster analysis In addition, the clones could be grouped into the three established orders. However, the pigment data also point to a large discrepancy within the order Chlorodendrales (new order?) There were important non-common features within each of these two groups. Perhaps the most remarkable were the following: Presence of Chl c3 in two clones (BLA122, RCC393) Simultaneous presence of Prasinoxanthin and Lutein in two clones (RCC136, RCC137) Presence of MgDVP in a Chlorophyceae-type prasinophyceae (BLA78/7) Absence of Violaxanthin in one clone (RCC137) It's the rule

11. Chl c3: Chl cCS-170 or MVChl c3 or both?

13. Summary. Pigments of the prasinoxanthin-containing Prasinophyceae are very useful to assign those strains to the three clades identified by SSUrDNA analysis: clade II, V and VI. Pigments of the prasinoxanthin-less Prasinophyceae provided a much less clear picture of the taxonomic affinities of those strains. The new clade VII contained the pigment composition more similar to Chlorophyceae among the strains studied. A pigment key is proposed to assign strains to the 7 Prasinophyceae clades. However, data from literature imply that Clade III (Pyramimonadales) may confound this classification. A MVChl c3 -like pigment was present in strains isolated (or related) from the deep euphotic zone. Pigments have been proven a useful but no definitive tool for taxonomic work within the class level.