Understanding Social Security Benefits Through History

1. Social Security Act • 1. Unemployment Compensation (safety net) (6 months to bridge gap between finding another job (26 weeks today) • 2. Old Age Insurance (age 65) (take elderly out of job market so more jobs)(relief or recovery how) • 3. Relief to blind, homeless, & crippled (disability) • Relief, Recovery or Reform?? • Benefits paid for w/ payroll taxes (You pay your whole working life into system – SS# issued to all citizens) • (show FDR 28:53 part 6)

3. What in the world has been going on? (1920’s - 30’s)

4. 1. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR or Soviet Union) • Formed after WWI with Russia as the dominant nation (Vladimir Lenin & Joseph Stalin) suppressed rights & killed opponents) • (family farms taken over & people resisted so Soviets had show trials & death or govt just starved pop. to death 10-20 million killed ) cannibalism, torture & mass executions • Communism – forcedsharing of wealth

5. Soviet government became all powerful “Totalitarianism” - all national power resides in a person or group; the people are under total control

6. Most western European nations and the U.S. saw the Soviet Union and Communism as a threat • Italy & Germany both anti-communist (Use fear of Communism to gain power)

7. The Goals of the Japanese Empire • They have a Growing population & they Need raw materials

8. Resented western nations’ presence in Asia(China’s Open Door Policy & the West’s Imperialism) • Military leaders gained more power & Invaded Manchuria (northeastern China) in 1931 than rest of China & Indochina

9. Japanese influence and control spread to other territories in the 1930’s and early 1940’s

10. Japanese influence and control spread to other territories in the 1930’s and early 1940’s

11. Mussolini and Italy (promised to restore Italy to glory of Roman Empire days –Roman Lake) - National disorder and economic problems • - Mussolini founded a political party (Fascists) which called for strict order (Nation more important then individual) (nations became great by building empires)

12. Italian order and pride returns - Mussolini is seen as a symbol of strength for nations in disorder

13. The Rise of Nazi Germany • Adolf Hitler • - Austrian • - He was taught in his youth that the German people were superior

14. - Artist Didn’t finish secondary school & denied art school twice. - Lived on father’s pension • - Enlisted in German Army in World War I • - Disgusted with outcome

15. - Firmly opposed to Communists • - Joined a small movement called “The German Workers’ Party”

16. - He slowly became the leader • - Name changed to “National Socialist Workers’ Party” (NAZI)

17. - The party appealed to some military leaders because of the imperialist ideas • - The party attempted a takeover of the German government in 1923 and failed

18. - Hitler is put in prison for a short while (writes Mein Kamph –calling for unification of all German people under one flag) (blames Jews scapegoat = anti-semitic) • - In prison he spends a great amount of time reading and writing about Germany’s situation & plight

19. - Then, at the beginning of Great Depression in Germany, Hitler gets another opportunity to lead

20. The appeal of Hitler and the Nazis: • - Correction of WWI unfairness (Versailles Treaty) • - Efficient government v. Weimar Republic lacking power to do anything • - Superiority of German people (Master Race & Jews used as Scapegoat)

21. Armed w/ mixture of luck, lies, powerful oratory & chilling evilness • his party gains 44% & (not majority but more than all other parties) takes power quickly by setting fire to Capital building and making it look like Communists did it and use executive power to rid all other opposing parties

22. As certain nations become aggressive creating conflict and chaos, the U.S. moves further toward isolationism highlight

24. U.S. from WWI to Pearl Harbor

25. Early developments of WWII in Europe- Germany had annexed or invaded great portions of Europe (places Germany lost to Versailles Treaty- Rhineland, Alsace Lorraine, Sudetenland, Austria • by 1940 Axis powers had a firm grip on most of Europe(all except GB & Switzerland) (Battle of Britain) • League of Nations kept condemning Hitler but no action-powerless will be replaced by UN after WWII w/ more power

26. After Versailles Treaty-1919 1939

27. North Africa in 1942 • British occupied Middle East (¼ globe under British empire) • Italian forces attack from Africa but fail – Libya is a Italian colony • Then Italy unites w/Germans(African korp-Rommel)/Italians nearly drive out the British from Egypt (Suez Canal)

28. As the U.S. remained isolationistic, FDR tried to assist the British with policies such as: • Cash Carry – GB, Soviets (didn’t include them at 1st) & France could come to U.S & buy w/ cash military goods so (no WWI debt that we never got back) & come pick up (no Lusitania) • & then when only GB stood alone against the Axis so Lend/Lease Act – “like lending your neighbor a garden hose to put out a fire”

31. EVA BROWN

32. Show WWII in HD Germany 1939 • 3:58-26:55

33. The Path to Pearl Harbor

34. Japanese aggression created tension with the U.S. • Japan invaded Manchuria, then China, then Indochina (Vietnam)(Japan trying to attain control back of Asia from WEST) • U.S. cut trade(Japan depended on scrap iron, steel & oil from the U.S. so embargo was hurting their military expansion efforts • (Remember Japan is country growing in population but lacking raw materials for her factories)

35. U.S. wanted a diplomatic solution • FDR was more concerned about dealing with Germany • Japan prepared for a military solution (military takeover of govt)

36. While Japan continued negotiations in the fall of 1941, their navy prepared the attack(best betrayal) (U.S. no idea they had already committed to war)

37. Japan thought they only had two options: • 1. Back off their industry & expansion(but getting them out of depression so have to cont. to expand) • 2. or Go to war against the U.S.

38. The Nazis’ victories encouraged Japan: • - Took Europe’s focus off of Asia & their colonies (Japan swooping up all Europe’s colonies in Asia while engrossed in Europe) • - Germany was an example of what a military state could accomplish.

39. Japan signs an alliance with Germany and Italy (September, 1940) Axis Powers

40. Japan respected the U.S.’ industrial might, not its military (sleeping giant) U.S. military cut in half so to deter war & save $ for New Deal –Washington Naval Conference 1922 (U.S. scraped 15 old battleships, 2 new ones, & 13 under construction) • the Japanese saw the U.S. Pacific naval fleet as their only obstacle • The Fleets home base – Pearl Harbor • Show America the Story of Us WWII: Pearl Harbor: 1:00 – 10:00

41. The fleet’s home base - Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

42. (4th period stopped here) December 7, 1941 • The U.S. suspected some action in the Pacific (Guam & Philippines) but not a large scale attack in Hawaii • The fear at Pearl Harbor was sabotage(thousands of Japanese lived in Hawaii)

43. Japan had six aircraft carriers in position 230 miles north of the islands (radar still too new to trust)(used Hawaii radio stations to back up radar) • One of best surprise attacks in history of World: no resistance from 230 miles out all the way to Hawaii

44. Japanese commander excited to hear that all 8 battleships in row w/ destroyers & cruisers 98 total & radioed to his commander (Tora, ToraTora = means “Tiger” because of the sneak ability of that animal) • All but one of the U.S.’s Pacific fleet battleships were at Pearl • all three aircraft carriers were at sea - set back for Japan

45. www.nationalgeographic.com/pearlharbor

46. Japanese practiced for more than a yr on islands in the Pacific that had similar geographic features as Hawaii • There were 12 B-17s flying from CA to Philippines to build up airpower in Pacific w/ Japanese threat. These 12 B-17s were to be arriving in Hawaii for a stop over. (people on the ground thought the Japanese were the B17s)

47. At 7:55, the first bomb dropped from one of the 190 planes used in the attack • It was a complete surprise to U.S. forces! (radio man hears: “were under attack” & radios back: “go to bed & sober up”) • Torpedo bombers swoop down to 300ft & drop their torpedoes into the shallow water in Pearl & most hit their target: The California, West Virginia, Oklahoma, Nevada & Arizona (8 in a row) (3rd period stopped here) • The Nevada trys to leave the harbor & hit w/ two 550lb bombs but men who suffered from intense heat cont. to man machine guns & kept firing back at the enemy • Many men who weren’t asleep in the bunks & died instantly tried to jumped into the oily harbor only to be burned alive by the fire on top of the water.

48. Nurses who attended to wounded put lipstick M’s on foreheads to signal they were given high doses of morphine to let die. • Japanese diplomats in Washington handed a note announcing the break of diplomatic relations to Secretary of State Cordell Hull (of Tenn.) after they had already attacked (Hull ripped them) • This made the Japanese government look deceitful and sinister (not 1st time -Russo-Japanese War)

49. Five U.S. battleships sunk • Many more other ships sunk or damaged • 200 U.S. planes destroyed • 2000 people killed /thousands wounded • Japan lost only 29 planes and had only 100 casualties • We did catch one Japanese U-boat survivor who became the 1st POW (his 2 man U-boat got caught in fishing nets & tried to beach themselves & escape

50. back in Tokyo celebrations but in U.S. disbelief then rage • Took 2 weeks to put out all the fires • Only 300 men were cut out of their ships still alive 18days later • After 5 torpedoes hit the U.S.S. Oklahoma she rolls over & under water w/ his masts stuck in the mud. Men trapped deep in the hull take turns tappingSOS in Morse Code for hours & finally Dec 8th32 men are freed • After 6 torpedoes hit the U.S.S. West Virginia & Among her dead there were 3 found in sealed compartments w/ a calendar that indicated they lived until Dec. 23rdwhen they ran out of air. 16 days