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EARTH SCIENCE CH. 1 SEC. 1 - PGS. 5 – 10

EARTH SCIENCE CH. 1 SEC. 1 - PGS. 5 – 10. Objectives :. WHAT IS EARTH SCIENCE?. EARTH SCIENCE : The study of Earth and the processes and forces that change it, the materials from which it is made, its long history, and its place in the universe. 4 MAJOR AREAS OF STUDY IN EARTH SCIENCE.

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EARTH SCIENCE CH. 1 SEC. 1 - PGS. 5 – 10

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  1. EARTH SCIENCECH. 1 SEC. 1 - PGS. 5 – 10 Objectives:

  2. WHAT IS EARTH SCIENCE? EARTH SCIENCE: • The study of Earth and the processes and forces that change it, the materials from which it is made, its long history, and its place in the universe.

  3. 4 MAJOR AREAS OF STUDY IN EARTH SCIENCE • ASTRONOMY • METEOROLOGY • GEOLOGY • OCEANOGRAPHY

  4. ASTRONOMY • Study of objects beyond Earth’s atmosphere • Examples: • Planets • Galaxies • Sun • Moon • Stars • Universe

  5. METEOROLOGY • The study of the air that surrounds our planet. • Examples: • Layers of the Atmosphere • Energy Transfer • Wind Systems • Hurricanes • Tornadoes

  6. GEOLOGY • Study of materials that make up Earth and the processes that form and change these materials. • Examples: • Rocks and Minerals • Earthquakes • Volcanoes

  7. OCEANOGRAPHY • Study of Earth’s oceans including the creatures that inhabit its waters, its physical and chemical properties, and the effects of human activities. • Examples: • Oceans • Tides • Salinity • Currents

  8. EARTH’S SYSTEMS 4 MAJOR EARTH SYSTEMS • LITHOSPHERE • HYDROSPHERE • ATMOSPHERE • BIOSPHERE All of Earth’s systems are interdependent. They depend on and interact with one another.

  9. EARTH SYSTEMS - LITHOSPHERE LITHOSPHERE • Earth’s rigid outer shell, including the crust and the solid, uppermost part of the mantle. • Two kinds of crust: • oceanic (mainly basalt) • continental (mostly granite) • Earth’s Mantle • composed of peridotite • upper mantle is rigid • other parts are partially molten = asthenosphere – (not part of lithosphere) • Earth’s Core (not part of the lithosphere) • outer core – liquid • inner core – solid

  10. EARTH’S SYSTEMS - HYDROSPHERE HYDROSPHERE • All the water in Earth’s oceans, lakes, seas, rivers, and glaciers plus all the water in the atmosphere. • 97% = salt water • 3% = freshwater – glaciers, lakes, rivers and groundwater. • ¾ is tied up in glaciers and icebergs • Rest is mostly groundwater

  11. EARTH’S SYSTEMS - ATMOSPHERE ATMOSPHERE • Blanket of gases surrounding Earth that contains about • 78% Nitrogen • 21% Oxygen • and 1% other gases such as argon, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. IMPORTANCE OF THE ATMOSPHERE • respiration by living things • protects Earth’s inhabitants from harmful sun rays • keeps planet’s temperature suitable for life

  12. EARTH’S SYSTEMS - BIOSPHERE BIOSPHERE • All of Earth’s organisms and the environments in which they live. • most organisms live within a few meters of Earth’s surface. • ranges from the depths of the oceans to the highest mountain tops.

  13. TECHNOLOGY The study of Earth Science and Earth’s Systems would not be possible without technology. TECHNOLOGY: • The use of scientific discoveries.

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