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Explore the relationship between structure and properties of substances, including melting point, electrical conductivity, viscosity, and solubility, in the chemistry of titanium.
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The Chemistry of Titanium 1e – Bonding and Properties
Learning Intentions • To relate Melting and Boiling Point, Electrical Conductivity, Viscosity and Solubility to the structure and bonding of substances • To use information on substances to identify the bonding present
General Rule: • The stronger the bond or force that needs to be broken to get the substance to melt or boil, the higher its melting or boiling point
Viscosity of Liquids • The stronger the force of attraction between molecules the greater the viscosity or thickness of the liquid
General rule for Electrical Conductivity • In order for something to conduct it must contain charged particles (electrons or ions) that are free to move
Solubility • General Rule: • As a rule of thumb, in terms of solubility, “like dissolves like” • Ionic substances dissolve in polar solvents eg ammonium chloride in water` • Non-polar dissolve in non-polar solvents eg wax in paraffin / nail polish in acetone
+ -- + Polar Molecules A liquid that substances dissolves in is called a SOLVENT. Solvents can be either polar or non-polar molecules. Immiscible liquids do not mix, e.g. oil and water, however, non-polar liquids are miscible with each other. Polar solvents will usually dissolve polar molecules. Non-polar solvents will usually dissolve non-polar molecules. Water is a polar molecule so it is a polar solvent.
- H2O H H + - + H C C O H H H - - + + + + + + - + - + - - + + + + + + - + - + - + - - + - + + + Dissolving in Water Generally, covalent molecules are insoluble in water. However, small molecules like ethanol (C2H5OH), with a polar O-H functional group, will dissolve, Ethanol Ionic Compound dissolving in water Hydrated ions