The history of the United States 1492-1877

1. The history of the United States1492-1877 Lecture 2 The development of British North America

2. Methods of colonization • Joint stock companies or individuals • Permission from Crown • Proprietary colony Maryland Earl of Baltimore Pennsylvania, William Penn • Charter colony: Plymouth, Massachusetts

3. Renewal of Colonization • 1607 May 6 Jamestown • Established by the London Company • Leading figure: Captain John Smith adventurer, amateur geographer, historian, populizer of America • The History of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles • Pocahontas episode, return to England after a gunpowder explosion

4. The development of Jamestown • Hard time for colonists until planting tobacco, first tobacco yield 1616 • 1619: Virginia House of Burgesses first legislative body • Arrival of Africans as indentured workers on a Dutch man o’war • 1622: March 22 Jamestown Massacre, • 1624: Royal charter revoked

5. Plymouth • Established by Separatists in 1620 • Leader: William Bradford • Mayflower Compact • A mission for the glory of God, for the advancement of Christian faith, and the honor of king and country • 1621: Wampanoag Indians help settlers, the first Thanksgiving • Main historical source: Of Plymouth Plantation • 1691: Becomes part of Massachusetts

6. Massachussetts 1630 • Massachusetts • Congregationalists • John Winthrop’s sermon A Model of Christian Charity • “we shall be a city upon a hill” • Puritan mission concept

7. The development of Massachussetts • Leading body: the General Court • Semi-theocracy • Challenges: Roger Williams a Separatist • Anne Hutchinson: against Puritan patriarchy, • Rejects covenant of works: good conduct would give salvation, banished from colony

8. New York 1664 • New Netherlands • Dutch East India company hired Henry Hudson searching for the passage to the Orient • 1609: He discovered Delaware Bay, and the river named after him • 1614: Dutch establish fur trading posts on Manhattan Island

9. The development of New York • 1626: Governor Peter Minuit purchases Manhattan from the Indians • New Amsterdam will become capital of New Netherlands • James, Duke of York drives out Dutch in 1664

10. The influence of the Dutch • Bredeweghe Broadway, Wall Street (original wall to protect against Indians) • Family names: Roosevelt, Van Buren, Rensselaer • Traditions, customs: Santa Claus, Rip van Winkle, • Vocabulary: boss, crib, stoop

11. Pennsylvania 1681 • William Penn,Quaker, follower of George Fox • Religious tolerance, equality of sexes, rejection of war and violence, rejection of rank • Society of Friends • Settlement of Non-conformists, Mennonites, Amish, Baptists, Moravians

12. Georgia 1732 • Settling prisoners, buffer colony • 1733: Savannah founded by Oglethorpe • Germans, but also Scottish Highlanders, Portuguese Jews, Welsh provide a cosmopolitan character • 1753: Charter expired, colony reverted to the crown

13. British North America • New England: Southern N.E. Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts • Northern N.E. Vermont, Maine, New Hampshire • Mid-Atlantic colonies New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania Delaware • South: Virginia, Carolinas (South Carolina, North Carolina,) Georgia,

14. Reasonsforsuccessfulcolonization • Colonies as business ventures • Allowing the settlement of Non-conformists • Contiguous settlement • Not hostile terrain

15. New England • Commerce, later industry • Limited agriculture • Participation in triangular trade • New England to Slave Coast rum, exchange for slaves • Middle Passage to Bahamas, exchange for molasses • Molasses to N.E. rum is made again

16. Culture and societyin New England • Elements of Puritan perspective: • Chosenness predestination • Puritan work ethic • Mission concept • Manichean world view Good v. Evil • Moderation

17. The South • Plantation economy • Land intensive large lands are needed • Economy of scale only large scale production is profitable • Tidewater plantations located close to rivers flowing into the Atlantic Ocean • Staple crops • Tobacco, cotton, rice