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Kazuhiro Yamamoto Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR) the University of Tokyo

Cryogenic payload for KAGRA. Kazuhiro Yamamoto Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR) the University of Tokyo Einstein Telescope Meeting 2013 Albert Einstein Institut Hannover , Hannover, Germany 22 October 2013. Contribution.

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Kazuhiro Yamamoto Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR) the University of Tokyo

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  1. Cryogenicpayload for KAGRA Kazuhiro Yamamoto Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR) the University of Tokyo Einstein Telescope Meeting 2013 Albert Einstein Institut Hannover, Hannover, Germany 22 October 2013

  2. Contribution R. Takahashi, K. Ono, T. Sekiguchi, Y. Sakakibara, C. Tokoku, M. Kamiizumi, U. Iwasaki, E. Hirose, A. Khalaidovski, R. Kumar, T. Uchiyama, S. Miyoki, M. Ohashi, K. Kuroda, T. AkutsuA, H. IshizakiA, F. E. Peña ArellanoA, T. SuzukiB, N. KimuraB, S. KoikeB, T. KumeB, K. TsubonoC, Y. AsoC, T. UshibaC, K. ShibataC, D. ChenD, N. OhmaeE, K. SomiyaF, R. DeSalvoG, E. MajoranaH, L. NaticchioniH, W. JohnsonI, A. CummingJ, R. DouglasJ, K. HaughianJ, I. MartinJ, P. MurrayJ, G.D. HammondJ, S. RowanJ,G. HofmannK, C. SchwarzK, D. HeinertK, R. NawrodtK, S. GotoL, M. TanakaL, S. IokaM, K. NakamotoM, H. NezukaM, KAGRA collaboration ICRR.UT, NAOJA, KEKB, Phys.S.UTC, Astro.S.UTD, E.UTE,S.TITF, Sannio Univ.G, INFNH, Louisiana State Univ.I , University of GlasgowJ, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet JenaK, Jecc TorishaL, Toshiba Keihin Product OperationsM, KAGRA collaboration

  3. 0. Abstract Although there are many topics, but here, I will explain (1)Experiments in KAGRA cryostat (2)Monolithic sapphire suspension

  4. Contents • Introduction • Experiments • in KAGRA cryostat • 3. Sapphire suspension • 4. Human resources • 5. Summary

  5. 1. Introduction Schematic view of KAGRA interferometer (K. Kuroda’s talk) Four mirrors of arm cavity will be cooled. 3km 3km Mozumi Y-end Sakonishi X-end Kamioka mine (Underground site) Atotsu Center Vibration isolation system, Cryocooler unit, Cryostat, Cryogenic payload 5 5 5 5

  6. 1. Introduction Outline of cryostat to SAS Cryogenic payload Cryostat Stainless steel t20mm Diameter 2.6m Height ~3.6m M ~ 10 ton Mirror View ports 4 Low vibration cryocooler unit N. Kimura’s talk Cryo-coolers Pulse tube, 60Hz 0.9 W at 4K (2nd) 36 W at 50K (1st) Remote valve unit Main LASER beam S. Koike

  7. 1. Introduction Outline of vibration isolation and cryostat Heat link (pure Alor Cu) Heat link (pure Al or Cu) Pulse tube cryocoolers Pulse tube cryocoolers Sapphire fiber Sapphire mirror (About 20K) 7 7 7 7

  8. 1. Introduction Main topics Experiments in KAGRA cryostat Initial cooling time Measurement of radiation vibration Sapphire monolithic suspension Key component of KAGRA

  9. 2. Experiments in KAGRA cryostat KAGRA cryostats have already been assembled ! at Toshiba Keihin Product Operations

  10. 2. Experiments in KAGRA cryostat Cooling test : Can cryostats be cooled well ? Cooling test for all four KAGRA cryostats January 2013 – April 2013 Cooling test for the 3rd cryostat July 2013 – August 2013

  11. 2. Experiments in KAGRA cryostat Experiments in cooling test of KAGRA cryostat Experiment 1 : Initial cooling time of cryogenic payload This initial cooling time should be short. Experiment 2 : Measurement of shield vibration This vibration causes motion of mirrors and scattered light noise. Dan Chen presents poster in this meeting.

  12. 2. Experiments in KAGRA cryostat Experiment 1 : Initial cooling time Initial cooling time of cryogenic payload is about 2 months (if no tricks). At beginningof initial cooling, heat transfer is dominated by radiation. Diamond Like Carbon (DLC) coating (or SolBlack) (High emissivity, Large radiation) on shields and payload (except for mirror) 12 12

  13. 2. Experiments in KAGRA cryostat This calculation must be checked experimentally. Experiment 1 : Initial cooling time Yusuke Sakakibara’s calculation about 20 days 13 13

  14. 2. Experiments in KAGRA cryostat Experiment 1 : Initial cooling time Dummy payload was suspendedin KAGRA cryostat. (100 mm in diameter) Half size Hollow masses (~5 kg) DLC coating Sapphire bulk as dummy mirror Evaluation of emissivity S. Koike 14 14

  15. 2. Experiments in KAGRA cryostat Experiment 1 : Initial cooling time Dummy payload 15 15

  16. 2. Experiments in KAGRA cryostat Experiment 1 : Initial cooling time First experiment (Spring 2013) without heat link Payload was cooled by only radiation. Calculated result is consistent with experimental one. 16 16 Time [day]

  17. 2. Experiments in KAGRA cryostat Experiment 1 : Initial cooling time Second experiment (Summer 2013) with Cu heat link Payload was cooled by radiation (above 150 K) and heat conduction in heat link (below 150 K). 17 17 Time [day]

  18. 2. Experiments in KAGRA cryostat Experiment 1 : Initial cooling time Second experiment (Summer 2013) with Cu heat link Problem (1) : One cryocooler temperature is 20 K (below 8 K in normal operation). Problem (2) : Thermal resistance of copper heat link is a few times larger than our expectation. Themal resistance on the both ends (solderless terminal) ? Size effect (this heat link many consists of thin wires) ? 18 18

  19. 2. Experiments in KAGRA cryostat Experiment 1 : Initial cooling time Second experiment (Summer 2013) with Cu heat link Size effect (this heat link many consists of thin wires) ? Themal resistance on the both ends (solderless terminal) ? 19 19

  20. 2. Experiments in KAGRA cryostat Experiment 1 : Initial cooling time After second experiment (Summer 2013) with Cu heat link ... Plan (1)Dummy payload cooling test in 1/4 cryostat This 1/4 cryostat is to test performance of KAGRA cryogenic payload (2)Measurement of thermal conductivity (or resistance) of heat link itself 20 20

  21. 2. Experiments in KAGRA cryostat 1/4 cryostat for perfomance test of cryogenic payload Vacuum chamber : 1.2 m in diameter, 1.6 m in height Delivery : 27th of Sep. 2013 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21

  22. 2. Experiments in KAGRA cryostat Experiment 2 : Measurement of shield vibration Vibration of shield could be problems. Vibration via heat links, Scattered light We must measure the vibration of shield. This measurement is at cryogenic temperature and in vacuum. Luca Naticchioni (Rome) and Dan Chen (ICRR)will measure vertical and horizontal vibration of radiation shield of KAGRA, respectively. Dan Chen presents poster in this meeting.

  23. 2. Experiments in KAGRA cryostat Experiment 2 : Measurement of shield vibration Dan Chen (horizontal motion) After cooling down 10K Analysis for sensitivity is in progress.

  24. 2. Experiments in KAGRA cryostat Experiment 2 : Measurement of shield vibration Luca Naticchioni (vertical motion) After cooling down 10K Analysis for sensitivity is in progress.

  25. 3. Sapphire suspension Sapphire monolithic suspension Sapphire mirror is suspended by sapphire fibers. Key component of KAGRA We need (a)Drilled sapphire mirror (b)Sapphire fibers with nail heads (c)Bonding between bulk and fibers 25

  26. 3. Sapphire suspension Drilled sapphire bulk We ordered Shinkosha (test sample). KAGRA mirrors : 220 mm in diameter 26

  27. 3. Sapphire suspension Drilled sapphire bulk We ordered Shinkosha (test sample). It was delivered on the 1st of October. Second sample is being made. 27

  28. 3. Sapphire suspension Sapphire fibers with nail heads are necessary to suspend mirrors. Test sample (T. Uchiyama) 28

  29. 3. Sapphire suspension Sapphire fibers with nail heads MolTech GmbH (Germany) and IMPEX HighTech GmbH (Germany) have already delivered ! Although the size is similar to that of KAGRA, quality check is necessary. 29 29

  30. 3. Sapphire suspension Sapphire fibers with nail heads Quality check under collaboration with ET (ELiTES) Q-value Measurement in Glasgow, Jena, Rome and Tokyo Thermal conductivity Measurement in Jena, Rome and Tokyo Strength Measurement in Glasgow

  31. 3. Sapphire suspension Sapphire fibers with nail heads Latest summary Moltech IMPEX KAGRA requirement Q-value 107 1*1065*106 at 20K - 6*106 Thermal Conductivity 3000 50005000 at 20K [W/m/K] -9000 Although IMPEX fiber satisfies requirement (Details are in D. Chen’s poster), further investigation is necessary (polish of nail head surface …).

  32. 3. Sapphire suspension Thermal conductivity of four IMPEX fibers Aleksandr Khalaidovski Ronny Nawrodt Enough high conductivity

  33. 3. Sapphire suspension Decay motion of IMPEX fibers D. Chen’s poster Half day measurement

  34. 3. Sapphire suspension Strength test Test for sapphire fibers and blades is in progress (Glasgow). Bending strength 268 MPa Alan V. Cumming’ talk

  35. 3. Sapphire suspension Bonding between sapphire fibers and sapphire mirror Investigation of Hydroxide Catalysis Bonding is in progress in Glasgow. (Rebecca Douglas, GWADW2013). Strength (about 60 MPa) measured by her is 10 times larger than those of previous papers. T. Suzuki et al., Journal of Physics; Conference Series 32(2006)309. A. Dari et al., Classical and Quantum Gravity 27(2010)045010. Other measurement (thermal resistance and so on) are necessary. Rebecca Douglas and Karen Haughian will stay in Japan (November). 35

  36. 3. Sapphire suspension Assembled sapphire monolithic suspension Performance of assembled monolithic sapphire pendulum must be checked. Before that, sapphire bulk is suspended by sapphire fibers using indium as thermal and mechanical contact (some kinds of “glue” instead of bonding) between sapphire bulk and fibers. We will investigate performance and obtain expertise for the monolithic pendulum test as first step. 36

  37. 3. Sapphire suspension • Assembled sapphire monolithic suspension • Khalaidovski designed the frame for this first • step. This frame was delivered. • Experiment will be started soon. 37 37 37

  38. 4. Human resources 3 fresh persons from Europe Dr.Aleksandr Khalaidovski from Hannover, June 2013-May 2014 Sapphire monolithic suspension (Dr. Fabián Erasmo Peña Arellano from Birmingham, May 2013 – April 2016 Cryogenic sensor) Dr. Rahul Kumar from Glasgow, September 2013 – August 2014 Simulation and development of payload 38

  39. 4. Human resources ELiTES: ET-LCGT interferometric Telescope Exchange of Scientists Grant for collaboration aboutcryogenic between KAGRA and ET European 7th Framework Programme Marie Curie action (Mar. 2012 - Feb. 2016) European people can visit Japan for KAGRA. 39

  40. 4. Human resources 7 visitors supported by ELiTES in the first three quaters of 2013 Christian Schwarz, Gerd Hofmann, Ronny Nawrodt (Jena) Automatic systems to measure Q-values and thermal conductivity of sapphire fibers Luca Naticchioni, Maurizio Perci, Ettore Majorana (Rome) Measurement of KAGRA radiation shield at cryogenic temperature Kieran Craig (Glasgow) Measurement of coating mechanical dissipation 40

  41. 4. Human resources 13 visitors supported by ELiTES in the last quater of 2013 Gerd Hofmann, Julius Komma, Ronny Nawrodt (Jena) Cryogenic experiment Silvio Savoia, Massimo Moccia, Adele Fusco, Innovenzo Pinto (Sannio) Cryogenic experiment, Coating Rebecca Douglas, Karen Haughian (Glasgow) Sapphire bonding 41

  42. 4. Human resources 13 visitors supported by ELiTES in the last quater of 2013 Joris Van Heijningen, Kazuhiro Agatsuma (NIKHEF) Vibration isolation system Gerald Bergmann, Manuela Hanke (Hannover) Cryogenic payload and so on 42

  43. 5. Summary KAGRA cryostat Experiment : Initial cooling time of payload Radiation shield vibration Initial cooling time of payload (1) DLC coating reduces initial cooling time asour calculation. (2) Thermal resistance of Cu heat link is a few times lareger than our expectation. Investigation is in progress. Radiation shield vibration We measured. Analysis is in progress.

  44. 5. Summary Sapphire monolithic suspension Drilled test bulk was delivered on 1st of October. Experiments for sapphire fiber and sapphire bonding are in progress but the results are promising. Thermal conductivity and Q-value of IMPEX fibers are larger than KAGRA reuqirement. We are preparing the first step experiment of monolithic sapphire suspension.

  45. 5. Summary Human resources Threebrilliant fresh persons came from Europe. Strong support from ELiTES In the first three quaters of 2013 : 7 visitors In the last quater of 2013 : 13 visitors

  46. Thank you for your attention !

  47. 6. Human resources Japanese graduate students visited (or will visit) Europe. Yusuke Sakakibara (October 2012 – December 2012) Investigation for coating and sapphire fibers (Glasgow and Jena) ET meeting, Hannover, December 2012 http://gwdoc.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/cgi-bin/private/DocDB/ShowDocument?docid=1420 http://gwdoc.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/cgi-bin/private/DocDB/ShowDocument?docid=1469 (Takanori Sekiguchi (January 2013 – March 2013) Investigation for vibration isolation (Amsterdam) http://gwdoc.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/cgi-bin/DocDB/ShowDocument?docid=1708) Dan Chen (September 2013 – October 2013) Investigation for sapphire fiber (Rome) 47

  48. 7. For future Some items for future research (not perfect list) (a)Investigation material properties (Q, thermal conductivity, strength etc.) of coating, fiber and so on. (b)Sapphire bonding, Sapphire fiber clamp (c)Control and damping scheme Actuators and sensors at cryogenic temperature (d) Mechanical and thermal simulation for payload (e) Vertical spring in cryostat (f) Reduction of initial cooling time Thermal resistance of clamp .... (g) Baffles for scattered light in radiation shield (h) Assembly procedure 48

  49. 8. Summary Cryostat : Assembly is in progress. Cooling test is coming soon. Cryogenic duct : Optimum position of 5 buffles Future work : scattered light Cryocooler unit : Cooling test and vibration measurement : OK Cryogenic payload Preparation for 1/4 cryostat to check payload performance is in progress. Current main R&D topics Inital cooling time, Sapphire fiber with nail head, Coating mechanical loss, Vibration of shield

  50. Construction is in progress (Jecc Torisha). Support frame inside radiation shield 50 50

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