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Moon and Tides: Understanding the Relationship and Effects

Explore the connection between the moon and tides, how Earth's rotation causes day and night, and the factors behind the changing seasons. Discover the evidence for rotation and the impact of the sun's apparent motion. Learn why the angle of the sun's rays affects temperature and how Earth's tilt and revolution contribute to the seasons.

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Moon and Tides: Understanding the Relationship and Effects

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  1. 1) Moon and Tides The moons gravitational pull causes the tides

  2. 1) Moon and Tides • One tide cycle (from high to high tide) takes approximately 12 hours

  3. 2) Earth’s rotation

  4. Earth’s rotation gives us the daily cycle of daylight and darkness, or ____ and ______. day night • The side facing the Sun will have _______, the side facing away from the Sun will have ________. daylight darkness

  5. a) Why do we have night and day? • The side of Earth that faces sun is day • The side that faces away is night

  6. Hello Down There! Day Night

  7. a)What Evidence do we have for rotation? • Coriolis Effect • Focalt’s Pendulum

  8. 1. The Coriolis Effect • Wind and Ocean Currents are deflected because the Earth rotates • Deflects to the right in Northern Hemisphere • Deflects to the left in Southern Hemisphere

  9. 2. The Foucault Pendulum • A swinging pendulum that moves back and forth • Over a 24 hour period, the pendulum appears to move in a circle

  10. East • Earth rotates from West to East when viewed from the North Pole. This makes the Sun appear to rise in the ____ and set in the _____. This motion of the Sun from sunrise to sunset is called _________ motion because it is not really the Sun that is moving. West apparent

  11. LET US REVIEW 1. The tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon 2. Day and night are caused by Earth’s ROTATION. 3. Earth rotates on its axis from WEST to EAST. 4. The sun appears to rise in the EAST and set in the WEST

  12. Do Now: Hand in your GIZMO. Explain the difference between neap and spring tides Homework: Vitamin D

  13. Seasons

  14. New Vocabulary Apparent Motion: The movement a celestial object seems to make. Horizon: where the land meets the sky. Seasons: Different times of the year where we experience different temperatures. Caused by the tilt and orbit of Earth

  15. a) Earth’s axis Our axis is tilted ____ degrees. 23.5 • Our North Pole always points towards Polaris (the North Star).

  16. Tilt of the axis always stays the same, pointing toward Polaris

  17. b.What causes the seasons? There are two main reasons for the seasons. Distance from the Sun is NOT one of the reasons!

  18. Spring Winter Summer Fall TWO REASONS FOR SEASONS 1. The tilt of Earth’s axis. 2. Earth’s revolution around the Sun.

  19. These two reasons cause the rays of the Sun to hit Earth at different angles. PROVE IT: How do we know the angle of the Suns rays makes a difference with respect to what season it is?

  20. Hold a small flashlight over the boxes below. In box A, point the flashlight at the box at a 90 degree angle. In box B, point the flashlight at a 45 degree angle. Box B - 45º Box A - 90º

  21. Box A • If you could feel the heat from the flashlight, would it be hotter in box A or box B? ________ • Why would that box feel hotter? __________________________________ • If each box represented either summer or winter, which box would be summer, and which box would be winter? Box _____ would be summer and box _____ would be winter. • Why? _____________________________ The light is shining directly on it A B Because it is hotter in the summer.

  22. Angle of the Suns rays

  23. The energy that hits the Earth by the Sun changes over of the year.  The angle the Sun is above the horizon determines how much heat and light strike each square meter of ground. http://inkido.indiana.edu/a100/celestialsphere5.html

  24. C. How does the tilt affect the angle? NH ·Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the sun in __________. Receives DIRECT rays of sunlight (Look at how North Pole is pointed) Summer

  25. NH ·Indirect rays are hitting the Northern Hemisphere.This means it is __________ (season) in the Northern Hemisphere when the North Pole is tilted away from the Sun. Winter

  26. D. What does Earth’s revolution around the Sun do? Earths revolution around the Sun makes it possible for the North Pole to be either tilted towards or away from the Sun.

  27. Seasons in the Northern Hemisphere

  28. Seasons Animation

  29. E. What about spring and fall? The Earth is not tilted toward or away from the Sun in spring & fall. Earth is heated evenly in the spring and the fall. That is why they are called equinoxes. EQUINOX: Day (12 hours) = Night ( 12 hrs) Everywhere on Earth has equal day/night

  30. Seasons ALWAYS go from:___________to _________to___________to ______ winter spring summer fall

  31. Aim # 18: How do the seasons differ?Do Now: Explain how the tilt of the Earth causes the seasons?Homework: textbook pg 212-213 Q#2, 3, 8, 10, 12, 19, 24

  32. 1. Why does the amount ofdaylight change with the seasons? The length of light during the day and the length of darkness at night depends upon Earth’s position in It’s Orbit

  33. Orsa, Sweden June 22 11: 59 PM

  34. A B For Example: Summer (in Northern Hem), We are tilted towards so longer days EX: 16 hours daylight, 8 hours night for summer solstice (June 21st)

  35. 2. First Day of Each Season The first day of each season marks a key point in Earth’s orbit around the sun

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