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Early Middle Ages Through the Crusades

Explore the key events and power dynamics in Europe from the Early Middle Ages to the Crusades, including William the Conqueror's reign, the signing of the Magna Carta, rise of the Holy Roman Emperor, the Reconquista in Spain, the power of the Church, and the impact of the Crusades.

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Early Middle Ages Through the Crusades

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  1. Early Middle Ages Through the Crusades

  2. England • 1066 William the Conquer becomes William I of ________ • 1215 King John loses lots of land in wars • Will tax the _________ • To prevent Rebellion he signs the _________ • King must get Noble’s permission to __________ • Couldn’t arrest and imprison without just cause • Limits _________________!!!!!!!!! • 1st document to limit government’s power England Nobles Magna Carta Raise Taxes King’s Power

  3. The Rest of Europe • After Charlemagne the empire was divided • West - ________ generally remains unified • East - _________ smaller states, ruled by Dukes • 936 Otto the Great becomes King of _______ • Will help Pope John XII when challenged by the nobles • Pope will crown him____________________ • By 1100s HRE will be ________ not inherited • Must be crowned by the _________ France Germany Germans Holy Roman Emperor Elected Pope

  4. Spain Iberian Peninsula Muslims • Located on __________________ • Controlled by the Moors = _____________ • 722 Christians begin to try and force them out • Take advantage of Muslim civil war in 1000s • Attempt to take back Iberian Peninsula • Known as _________________ • 1236, 3 Christian Kingdoms working together • ________ - Queen Isabella • ________ - King Ferdinand • ____________ • Only Muslim kingdom left is ___________, surrenders in ______ Reconquista Castile Aragon Portugal Granada 1492

  5. Power of the Church • Bishops making day to day religious decisions • Popes becoming corrupt • Simony - _________________________________ • Pope Leo IX – first to try to right the clergy • 1054 Excommunicated Constantinople Bishop • Pope’s supporters - ________________ • Bishops supporters - _______________ Buying and selling of Church offices Roman Catholics Orthodox Catholic Orthodox

  6. Crusades • Religious Wars – launched by Christians to take _________ back from Muslims • Turks attack Constantinople • Pope Urban calls _____________________ • Set aside differences • Slogan: ___________________ • 9 crusades, 1st successful, the rest not • 1291-Muslims had driven the Christians out of the Holy Land Holy Land Council of Clermont “God Wills It”

  7. Effects • Strengthened existing ______ routes • ______ owners didn’t return, Kings gained more Land = more _________ • Participants became more _________ • Others became more intolerant especially of non-Christians such as ________ Trade Land Power Tolerant Jews

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