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Cloud Computing: Definition, Challenges, and Opportunities

This presentation provides an introduction to cloud computing, defines the concept, discusses service and deployment models, and explores the challenges and opportunities in adopting cloud computing. It also showcases the OAU Private Cloud as a case study.

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Cloud Computing: Definition, Challenges, and Opportunities

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  1. “Cloud Computing: A Definition, Challenges and Opportunities” BY PROFESSOR G.A. ADEROUNMU DIRECTOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATIONS UNIT, OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY, ILE-IFE. NIGERIA. Mobile: +2348035177940 E-mail: gaderoun@oauife.edu.ng

  2. PRESENTATION AGENDA • INTRODUCTION • DEFINITION OF CLOUD • SERVICE MODELS • CLOUD DEPLOYMENT MODELS • OAU PRIVATE CLOUD • CHALLENGES • OPPORTUNITIES • CONCLUSION

  3. INTRODUCTION • Cloud computing is not a new concept. • The underlying concept dates back to the 1950s when mainframe computers became available in academia and corporations and accessible to users via non intelligent terminals. • The concept of ‘TIMESHARING’ was introduced to make more efficient use of costly mainframes. • The era of PERSONAL COMPUTERS • COMPUTER NETWORKS • INTERNET • GRID COMPUTING • CLOUD - providing unlimited computing power as against the finite computing power of the mainframe

  4. INTRODUCTION

  5. Cloud computing is model for enabling network users’ on-demand access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned and release to the client without direct service provider interaction “The Cloud” What’s new? Acquisition Model: Based on purchasing of services Business Model: Based on pay for use Access Model: Over the Internet to ANY device Technical Model: Scalable, elastic, dynamic, multi-tenant, & sharable Source: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (United States) and the ITU Focus Group.

  6. THE CLOUD • Cloud computing is the result of evolution and adoption of existing technologies and paradigms (autonomic computing, Client–server model, Grid computing, Mainframe computer, Utility computing, Peer-to-peer, and Virtualization). • Goal of Cloud Computing: To allow users to take maximum benefits from all of these technologies, without the need for deep knowledge about or expertise with each one of them. • The Cloud aims to cut costs, and help the users focus on their core business instead of being impeded by IT obstacles • four essential characteristics, five service models, and four deployment models.

  7. SERVICE MODELS CLOUD CLIENTS - Web browser, terminal, thin client, mobile app etc SaaS CRM, E-mail, games, etc. PaaS Execution runtime, database, development tools. etc. CaaS Audio/video collaborative services, unified communications e-mail, instant messaging, data sharing (web conference). NaaS managed Internet (guaranteed speed, availability, etc.), virtualized networks (VPNs) flexible and on-demand bandwidth. IaaS Virtual machines, servers, storage, etc.

  8. PROVIDERS • SaaS: Google Apps, Microsoft Office 365, Onlive, GT Nexus, Marketo, Casengo, TradeCard etc. • PaaS: Google App Engine, Salesforce.com, etc. • IaaS: Amazon EC 2, Google computer engine, HP Cloud, iland, joyent, lease web, oracle infrastructure, Rackspace Open Cloud, Relia Cloud etc.

  9. 4 CLOUD DEPLOYMENT MODELS • Private cloud • enterprise owned or leased • Community cloud • shared infrastructure for specific community • Public cloud • Sold to the public, mega-scale infrastructure • Hybrid cloud • composition of two or more clouds

  10. CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING BUILDING • Software studio, Telepresence, Cloud Computing

  11. OAU PRIVATE CLOUD (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) Users on INTERNET INTERNET OAUNET Users on OAUNET

  12. OAU PRIVATE CLOUD (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) • For OAU Investment on IT resources too high (bandwidth alone is N131m, need to move to the cloud environment and share these resources with the community and the public) • Facilities – (cloud server 7.7TB for applications and OS, Cloud Storage 12T), fibre optic backbone(40Km?), 491 Mbps (Aggregates) (245.5 /245.5). For now Power backups ok( NEPA, 250KVA/50KVA generators + Inverters + Solar Panels) but for the future we need to plan.

  13. OAU PRIVATE CLOUD (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) • Iaas: file-based storage, • SaaS: Standard Application Software, In-house software – ISIS, E-portal, Akowe, Interface for ilab • PaaS: programming language execution environment, development tools, (12 developers, about 3,000 students for now) • CaaS: web conference, video communication services, e-mail • NaaS: flexible and on-demand bandwidth

  14. OAU PRIVATE CLOUD DATA CENTRE

  15. 700 PCs Connected to the OAU Private Cloud

  16. 500 Thin Clients Connected to the OAU Private Cloud

  17. 500 Thin Clients Connected to the OAU Private Cloud

  18. OAU SOFTWARE STUDIODevelopers using PaaS

  19. OAU TELEPRESENCE STUDIO (2)FOR WEB CONFERENCE AND OTHERS

  20. CHALLENGES 1. Nigeria is yet to derive full benefits of cloud computing services due to a number of challenges confronting the nation’s Information and Communication Technology industry [12]. Nigeria, like other developing countries, is still facing challenges in full adoption of cloud computing paradigm due specifically to the inefficient infrastructure, and cost of access to ICT products and services.

  21. CHALLENGES 2. Traditional Lack of awareness and problem of control: Many organizations especially Small and Medium scale (SMEs) in Nigeria are not aware if cloud technology exists. For organization that are aware, data control is most critical. It is the belief of many organizations that storing and processing of data in remote location is a compromise in data control and that the world of data computing will end up in hands of massive distributed computing companies such as Google, Amazon, IBM etc,.

  22. CHALLENGES 3. Legal Most cloud computing vendors fail to provide a guaranteed level of data security and for the cloud ‘users’ this compromises a basic requirement they are obligated to fulfill under the Data Protection Act i.e. failure to ensure an appropriate level of security. Hence, many cloud users are of the opinion that there are a lot of risks if data is accidentally lost, damage or lost There are clouds within clouds and a cloud user may never be aware of their geographic location and knows whether data protection privacy law are being honor or not.

  23. CHALLENGES 4. Security Data security in the cloud is one of the major challenges raised by prospective cloud users. Within the cloud data is vulnerable to threats during transmission, processing, storage and downloading stages. The lack of robust security mechanism within the cloud computing provides opportunities for cyber criminals. Secondly, the primary concern is the damage that a criminal can cause by planting a virus, from a normal desktop machine of an office using cloud services which could spread across the cloud and cause data damage. The inability of most organization to store critical data on the cloud as a result of lack of guarantee mechanism to ensure data security by cloud vendors will also increase the cost of IT resources within the organization.

  24. CHALLENGES 5. Technical The fundamental dependence of cloud computing on the internet presents a set of technical challenges to the domain [13]. The first technical challenge is data outage due to interruption in Internet services. Vendor lock-in and lack of transition mechanism when cloud consumers intends to change their respective cloud vendors based on better offers provided by other vendor are other two major technical challenges. If cloud computing intends to attain a status in computing domain similar to the ‘utility providers’ in the general world then they have to address the issues mentioned above.

  25. OPPORTUNITIES • Among the specific benefits/opportunities of cloud computing in Nigeria, two in particular are liable to make a significant contribution to reducing the digital divide, namely: • the ability to have immediate access to the latest innovations; - the possibility for an organization to do away with heavy investment in infrastructure Particularly where computation centres are concerned, given the unreliability of the electric power supply in Nigeria. According to the Minister of Communication Technology, the federal government intends to cut down its spending on Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) by embracing cloud computing services. ‘’Given our plans for e-Government and the increased use of ICT by government Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs), this is an unsustainable practice that must be managed. A Government cloud will provide some economic savings”. In view of this, Galaxy Backbone is currently building a major cloud computing infrastructure with the aim of bringing significant cost savings to the running of the federal government. The government cloud, according to the Communication Technology Minister is expected to not only to improve cost savings but drive efficiency and productivity across all its MDAs. The higher institutions in Nigeria will also benefits from this lovely concept. Job/wealth creation?

  26. CONCLUSION • The essential value of this new way of using IT resources known as cloud computing resides in the factthat IT services, from the storage and processing of data to software applications, are now available and accessible to everyone, instantly, without commitment and on request. It is my believe that the cloud computing model has already come to represent a solution to IT under-equipment problems in Nigeria, and the trends indicate that this model is set for major development provided most of the challenges raised are properly tackled.

  27. Management of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife • World Bank Step-B • Skye Bank Plc • Hicos Technology

  28. REFERENCES 1. Voas and Zhang, 2009 “Cloud Computing: New Wine or Just a New Bottle? “, ITPro, vol. 26, no. 2, 2009, PP.15-17 2. ErdogmusHakan, “Cloud Computing: 1. Does Nirvana Hide behind the Nebula?” IEEE Software, vol. 26, no.2, 2009, pp. 4–6 3. Ian Foster, Yong Zhao, IoanRaicu, Shiyong Lu Cloud Computing and Grid Computing 360-Degree Compared. Online publication. 1-10 4. HAMDAQA, Mohammad (2012). Cloud Computing Uncovered: A Research Landscape. Elsevier Press. pp. 41–85. ISBN0-12-396535-7 5. Weiss Aaron, “Computing in the Clouds,” netWorker, vol.11, no. 4, 2007, pp. 16–25 6. Cloud computing in Africa Situation and perspectives ITU 2012 7. ShubhamSidana and Bhart S. (2013). Cloud Computing : A Review. International Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, pp 814-819. Available online at : www.ijarcsse.com 8. "The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing". National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 24 July 2011. 9. "Is a Private Cloud Really More Secure?". Dell.com. Retrieved 07-11-12. 10. Metzler, Jim; Taylor, Steve. (2010-08-23) "Cloud computing: Reality vs. fiction," Network World. 11. Rouse, Margaret. "Definition: Cloudbursting," May 2011. SearchCloudComputing.com. 12. Angaye, C.O (2013). Nigeria yet to derive benefits of cloud computing –NITDA. National Mirror, February 22, 2013. 13 Cloud Computing: Prospects and Challenges Tek-Tips on September 11, 2009in Cloud Computing 14 Rajendra Prasad, LakshmanNaik, and Bapuji, V. (2013): Cloud Computing Research Issues and Implication. International Journal of Cloud Computing and Services Science (IJ-CLOSER). Vol. 2, No. 2 pp 134 – 140.

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