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By Henry M. Wrobleski and Kären M. Hess

INTRODUCTION TO LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE, 8 th Edition Chapter 7 Specialized Roles of Police. By Henry M. Wrobleski and Kären M. Hess. Investigators Profilers Psychics Intelligence officers Juvenile officers. Vice officers SWAT officers K-9 assisted officers

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By Henry M. Wrobleski and Kären M. Hess

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  1. INTRODUCTION TO LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE, 8th EditionChapter 7Specialized Roles of Police By Henry M. Wrobleski and Kären M. Hess

  2. Investigators Profilers Psychics Intelligence officers Juvenile officers Vice officers SWAT officers K-9 assisted officers Reserve officers Specialized Functions of Police Chapter 7

  3. Investigation • Investigators must be objective • Preliminary investigation – first responder priorities (next slide) • Discovery crimes (75%) vs. involvement crimes (25% - rapid response) • Locard’s Exchange Principle – offender and crime scene interact with/affect each other • Solvability factors – witnesses, evidence Chapter 7

  4. First Responder Priorities • Initial response/receipt of information • Safety procedures • Emergency care • Secure and control persons at the scene • Boundaries: identify, establish, protect and secure • Turn over control of the scene and brief investigator(s) in charge • Document actions and observations Chapter 7

  5. Investigative Responsibilities • Secure the crime scene – contamination • Record all facts related to the case • Photograph/measure/sketch crime scene • Obtain and identify evidence • Protect and store evidence • Interview and interrogate • Assist in identifying suspects Chapter 7

  6. Photographs vs. Sketches • Both photographs and sketches of the crime scene are usually needed • Photographs: • include all details • can show items close up • Sketches: • can be selective • can show much larger areas Chapter 7

  7. Sample Crime Scene Sketch Chapter 7

  8. Evidence Investigators • recognize, • collect, • mark, • preserve, and • transport physical evidence in sufficient quantity for analysis and without contamination Chapter 7

  9. DNA • DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid • DNA profiling uses the material from which chromosomes are made to positively identify individuals • No two individuals, except identical twins, have the same DNA structure Chapter 7

  10. Interviewing and Interrogating • Interview those with information about a crime: • Victims • Witnesses • Complainants • Informants • Interrogate suspects, those believed connected with a crime Chapter 7

  11. Identifying Suspects Basic types of identification: • Field identification • at-the-scene • soon after crime is committed • based on totality of circumstances • Photographic identification (e.g., mug shots) • Lineup identification • Modus operandi Chapter 7

  12. Crime Scene Investigation Units • Some departments have an entire unit to assist in processing the crime scene • It provides support services in the form of crime scene processing, fingerprint identification, and forensic photography • The CSU responds to major crime scenes to detect, preserve, document, impound, and collect physical evidence (Weissberg, 2001, p.45) Chapter 7

  13. Detective’s focus: Height Weight Race Gender Age Accent M.O. Profiler’s focus: Personality Psyche Pathology Resultant behaviors Profilers develop more complete portraits of serial criminals Profilers Chapter 7

  14. Intelligence Officers • Undercover assignments • Ongoing investigations into criminal activity, such as illegal sale of guns, drug rings, organized crime • Risk of entrapment • Internal Affairs (IA) • Investigating officers within the department • Often unpopular with peers and labeled “rat” Chapter 7

  15. Juvenile Officers Because juveniles commit a disproportionate number of local crimes, all officers are juvenile officers much of the time. Officers have broad discretion and may do any of the following: • Release to parents • Refer to other agency • Place in detention • Refer to juvenile court Chapter 7

  16. Vice Officers Vice officers usually concentrate their efforts on • Illegal gambling (gaming) • Prostitution • Pornography • Narcotics • Liquor violations Chapter 7

  17. SWAT Officers SWAT team officers are immediately available, flexible, mobile officers used to deploy against any emergency or crime problem. They seek to contain and neutralize dangerous situations. Chapter 7

  18. K-9-Assisted Officers K-9s may be specifically trained in • Search • Attack and capture • Drug detection • Bomb detection • Crime deterrence Chapter 7

  19. Reserve Officers • Also called auxiliary police • Patrol in uniform as visible symbol of law enforcement • Cannot write citations • Variety of functions: public education programs, street patrol, search and rescue • Used more in smaller, rural agencies Chapter 7

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